Menene mahimman ƙa'idodin ƙira jiya (DRY, KISS, YAGNI)?

Question

Accepted Answer

Bayan tsararrun musamman, **ƙa'idodin ƙira** kamar **DRY**, **KISS**, **YAGNI**, da ɗa sauran su suna gabatar da rubuta code mai kyau. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin da ake tuna su suna taba ainihin wisdom game da sauƙi, guje duplication, da kada a gina abubuwa da ba a bukami ba.

## Mahimman ƙa'idodin

```text
DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) → avoid DUPLICATION → each piece of knowledge has ONE
  authoritative representation (duplication → bugs/changes in many places)
KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) → favor SIMPLICITY → simple solutions are easier to
  understand, maintain, and debug (avoid unnecessary complexity)
YAGNI (You Aren't Gonna Need It) → don't build features/flexibility you don't NEED yet →
  avoid speculative generality (build what's needed, not what might be needed)
```

## Wasu mahimman ƙa'idodin

```text
✓ SEPARATION OF CONCERNS → divide a system into distinct parts with clear responsibilities
✓ HIGH COHESION, LOW COUPLING → related things together; minimize dependencies between parts
✓ COMPOSITION over inheritance → prefer composing behavior over deep inheritance hierarchies
✓ LEAST ASTONISHMENT → code should behave as expected (no surprises)
✓ Encapsulation; single source of truth; fail fast; principle of least privilege
```

## Daidaita ƙa'idodin

```text
⚠️ Principles can sometimes CONFLICT or be over-applied:
  → DRY vs simplicity → don't over-abstract to avoid tiny duplication (sometimes a little
    duplication is simpler than the wrong abstraction)
  → KISS/YAGNI vs flexibility → don't under-build genuinely-needed flexibility
→ apply principles with JUDGMENT and balance → they're guidelines, not absolute rules
```

## Me ya sa ya matuƙa

Sanin mahimman ƙa'idodin ƙira software wakilci alkatuwa ne mai mahimmanci domin suna taba **ainihin wisdom don rubuta code mai kyau** da ya yi amfani a cikin tsararru da harsuna daban-daban, don haka suna mahimmanci sosai domin gabatar da design.

ƙa'idodin kamar DRY, KISS, da YAGNI suna taba wisdom na asali na design software a cikin ƙa'idodin da ake tuna da aka bada jiya sosai.

Sanin **mahimman ƙa'idodin** — **DRY** (guje duplication domin kowane sani ya sami kaiwa daya na karfi, saboda duplication yana haifar da kurakurai da canja-canja a waje), **KISS** (jerin sauƙi saboda mafita mai sauƙi suna da sauƙi a fahimta, kiyaye, da debug), da **YAGNI** (kada a gina abubuwa ko flexibility da ba ka bukai ba har yanzu, guje speculative over-engineering) — yana bayar da gabatar da asali da ake iya amfani shi a duka.

Sanin **wasu mahimman ƙa'idodin** — **rabuwar manufofi**, **cohere mai tsayi da haɗi mai kaɗancewa** (abubuwan da suka dace tare, bukatun raɗadi na karami tsakanin sassa — mahimmi ga kyawun design), **composition over inheritance**, abin da ake zata, encapsulation, da tushen ilimi daya — yana faɗaɗa wisdom na design.

A gida, sanin **daidaita ƙa'idodin** yana nuna akiki mai bacewa: ƙa'idodin na iya rikice-rikice ko a yi masa abin da ya wuce (DRY da sauƙi — wani lokaci duplication kaɗan ya fi kyau fiye da abstraction da bai dace ba; KISS/YAGNI da flexibility da ainihin ake bukaita — kada a gina abubuwan da ba a bukai ba), don haka suna **gabata don amfani su da hankali, ba absolute tsofaffin dokoki ba**.

Wannan fahimta ta daidaita — sanin ƙa'idodin amma amfani su da akili maimakon dogon tunani — shine alama na kyawun fahimta na design.

Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna applicable jiya sosai, wisdom da ba ta harsuna ko tsararru ba da yadda ake rubuta code mai kyau.

Domin waɗannan ƙa'idodin ƙira (DRY, KISS, YAGNI, rabuwar manufofi, haɗi mai kaɗancewa) suna taba ainihin, wisdom da ba ta waje ba don rubuta code mai kyau, da kuma amfani su da hankali balansad (sanin suna gabata da na iya rikice-rikice ko a yi masa abin da ya wuce) yana nuna akiki mai bacewa na design (sanin ƙa'idodin da amfani su da daidaita) da aka taba jiya ne, sanin mahimman ƙa'idodin ƙira software shine bakin riƙa alkatuwa mai mahimmanci — ainihin, wisdom da ba ta waje ba don rubuta code mai kyau, mahimmi a cikin tsararru da harsuna daban-daban, da yana nuna akiki mai bacewa na design (sanin ƙa'idodin da amfani su da daidaita) da aka taba jiya ne na mahimman masu sarrafa jiya da gabatar da kyawun design na software.