Menene Repository pattern?

Question

Accepted Answer

The **Repository** pattern abstracts **data access** behind a collection-like interface — separating business logic from how data is stored and retrieved. It decouples the application from data sources (databases, APIs), improving testability and maintainability.

## Abin da Repository pattern ke yi

```text
REPOSITORY → an abstraction layer between business logic and DATA ACCESS:
  → provides a clean interface (like a collection: findById, save, delete, findAll)
  → HIDES how/where data is actually stored (database, API, cache, files)
  → business logic uses the repository, NOT the database directly
→ separate WHAT data operations from HOW they're implemented
```

## Misali

```js
// repository interface — business logic depends on THIS, not the DB
class UserRepository {
  async findById(id) { /* query the database (hidden behind here) */ }
  async save(user) { /* insert/update */ }
  async findByEmail(email) { /* ... */ }
}
// business logic uses the repository, unaware of the data source
const user = await userRepository.findById(42);
// → swap the DB, or use a mock in tests, without changing business logic
```

## Anfani

```text
✓ DECOUPLING → business logic doesn't depend on data-access details (DB, ORM, API) →
  swap data sources without changing business logic
✓ TESTABILITY → use a MOCK/fake repository in tests (no real database needed)
✓ CENTRALIZED data access → query logic in one place (maintainable, consistent)
✓ CLEANER architecture → clear separation between domain/business logic and data
→ common in layered/clean architectures; works with DI
```

## Me yake da mahimmanci

Gane Repository pattern yana da daraja domin yana da **alamu na gida, aminci** don tsarkakake rabuwar aikin kasua daga samun bayani, sabili da haka ilmin ƙira ya dace.

Repository pattern abstracts data access behind a collection-like interface (findById, save, delete), **hiding how and where data is stored** so business logic uses the repository rather than the database directly.

Gane abin da yake yi (samar da interface na tsarkakakken samun bayani wanda ke boye ainihin ajiye bayani, rabuwar *menene* ayyukan bayani daga *yadda* an bugi) shine ilimin asali.

Gane **anfani** yana da mahimmanci: **rabuwa** (kasua kasua aikin bada ba tsammanin bayani-samun cikakkun bayani kamar ainihin database, ORM, ko API, sabili da haka za a iya saita masu samun bayani ba tare da canja kasua aiki ba — anfani na ƙira da daraja), **gwaje** (amfani da karya/abin waje na repozitori a gwaje sabili da ba real database ba — mahimmanci don gwaje nauyoyin kasua kasua aikin), **ajiye bayani na gida** (takaici kasua aikin dalam wuri ɗaya don kulawa da juna da daidaituwa), da **gida na tsarkakakke** (tsarkakakke rabuwa tsakanin aiki/kasua kasua aikin da samun bayani).

Wannan anfani suka sa Repository pattern da mahimmanci a aiki don aikace-aikace da daushe, jari.

Gane cewa yana da al'ada a **layered/clean architectures** da aiki tare da ajiye damre ya bayyane matsayinsa a ƙira na zamani.

Repository pattern ana amfani dashi sosai domin rabuwa kasua kasua aikin daga samun bayani (don gwaje, kulawa, da haɗa) yana da al'ada, mahimmanci.

Tunda Repository pattern yana da al'ada, aminci na tsarkakakke rabuwar kasua kasua aikin daga samun bayani (rabuwa, gwaje, samun bayani na gida, gida na tsarkakakke) — al'ada, mahimmanci — da yana da mahimmanci ga layered/clean architectures, da tunda gane abin da yake yi da anfani yana da dace don gina aikace-aikace da daushe, gane Repository pattern yana da daraja, ilimin ƙira na aiki — alamu na gida da aminci na rabuwar kasua kasua aikin daga samun bayani, samar da rabuwa da gwaje, mahimmanci ga clean/layered architectures, da ilimin ƙira mahimmanci don gina aikace-aikace da daushe, jari tare da tsarkakakke rabuwa tsakanin aiki da bayani.