Yaya za ka gwada PHP code da PHPUnit?

Question

Accepted Answer

**PHPUnit** shine babbar tsarin gwada PHP — ana amfani da shi don rubuta gwadowar raka'a da haɗewa waɗanda suke tabbatar da cewa code yana aiki da kyau. Lokacin da aka haɗa da dependency injection (don yin gida) da kayan aiki kamar data providers, yana ba da daidai da jari, mai kyau gwada.

## Gwada mai sauƙi

```php
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class CalculatorTest extends TestCase {
    public function testAdd(): void {
        $calc = new Calculator();
        $result = $calc->add(2, 3);
        $this->assertEquals(5, $result);          // assertion
        $this->assertIsInt($result);
    }

public function testDivideByZeroThrows(): void {
        $this->expectException(DivisionByZeroError::class);   // assert it throws
        (new Calculator())->divide(1, 0);
    }
}
// run with: ./vendor/bin/phpunit
```

Ajin gwada sun haɓaka `TestCase`, hanyoyin gwada suna farawa da `test` (ko amfani da `#[Test]` attribute), kuma suna amfani da `assert*` hanyoyi don tabbatar da jita-jitacin kwatance (`assertEquals`, `assertTrue`, `assertCount`, da sauransu). `expectException` ya yi gwada hanyoyin kuskuri.

## Yin gida masu haɗi (kawar ta hanyar DI)

```php
public function testSendsWelcomeEmail(): void {
    // create a MOCK of a dependency — no real mailer needed
    $mailer = $this->createMock(MailerInterface::class);
    $mailer->expects($this->once())          // assert it's called exactly once
           ->method('send')
           ->with('ann@x.com', $this->stringContains('Welcome'));

$service = new UserService($mailer);     // INJECT the mock (DI makes this easy)
    $service->register('ann@x.com');
}
```

PHPUnit yin gida yana ba da izin ka maye gurbin haɗi (mailers, repositories, APIs) da kanyar da za ka iya sarrafawa — kuma dependency injection yana sa sako shi da sauƙi. Za ka iya tabbatar da cewa an kira gidan aiki da daidai. Wannan shine tushe na haƙuri, rarrabuwa gwadowar raka'a.

## Masu samar da bayanai (gwada lokuta da yawa)

```php
public static function additionCases(): array {
    return [[1, 1, 2], [0, 5, 5], [-1, 1, 0]];   // [a, b, expected]
}

#[DataProvider('additionCases')]
public function testAdd(int $a, int $b, int $expected): void {
    $this->assertEquals($expected, (new Calculator())->add($a, $b));
}
```

**Data providers** suna aiwatar da jiya gwada a kan lokuta da yawa na shigar — cikakken faɗi na lokuta da yawa babu maimaita maida.

## Ingantacciyar jita-jitaci

```text
✓ Test behavior/public API, not implementation details (so refactors don't break tests)
✓ Mock external dependencies (DB, APIs, mailers) for fast, isolated unit tests
✓ Use a test database for integration tests; setUp/tearDown for fixtures
✓ Measure coverage; test edge cases and error paths, not just the happy path
✓ Frameworks (Laravel, Symfony) build on PHPUnit with extra testing helpers
```

## Me ya sa to?

Gwada shine mahimmanci don gina PHP aikace-aikacen da aminci, mai kyau, kuma **PHPUnit** shine babbar kayan aiki — saboda haka fahimtar yaya za ka gwada PHP yana da mahimmanci akai ga ingancin code da yadda aka bugi a gida.

Sanin yaya za ka rubuta gwadowar (haɓaka `TestCase`, amfani da assert, yi gwada hanyoyin kuskuri) shine tushe, amma mafi mahimmancin lura shine yaya **dependency injection yana ba da wurin daidai gwada**: saboda classes na kyau na PHP suna karɓar haɗi, PHPUnit yin gida yana ba da izin ka maye gurbin haɗi na gaske (databasesa, mailers, external APIs) da kanyar da za ka iya sarrafawa — yana ba da wurin haƙuri, kawar gwadowar raka'a babu abin dogaro na gaske, kuma yana ba da izin ka tabbatar da hulɗa (tabbatar gidan aiki an kira akai).

Hada-hadiya tsakanin DI da testability shine daidai dalilin da ya sa pattern na dependency injection yana da mahimmanci sosai.

Fahimtar yin gida, **data providers** (ingantacciyar gwada lokuta da yawa na shigar), kuma jita-jitaci mafi kyau (gwada hali ba aiwati, yin gida external haɗi, ruɓe lokuta ban tabi da kuskuri, amfani da databasesa na gwada don haɗewa gwadowar) yana ruɓe buɓugar aiki na ingantacciyar PHP gwada.

PHP mai gyara suna kama jajiya, yana ba da izin cikakkar sake fasalwa, kuma yana shida jita-jitacin hali, kuma saboda sababbin frameworks (Laravel, Symfony) suna samar da gwada a kan PHPUnit, sanin shi yana ba da matsala a faɗi.

Wu dilli PHPUnit — musamman amfani da yin gida da DI don kawar gwadowar raka'a — shine mahimmancin ilmin mafi saman matakin da ya bambanta masu gurmanin kasar waɗanda suke gina aikace-aikace mai kyau, mai inganci, mai daidai gwada daga waɗanda suke kazo ba a tabbatar, da kalmar, gida kayan aiki, na sa shi matakin da yana da alaka sosai, mahimmanci kasuwa.