Django forms yadda suke aiki?

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Django **forms** suna gudanar da cikakken tsarin input na mai amfani: fitar da filayen HTML form, **tabbatar** yanke shiryayyen data, da kuma juya su zuwa tsarror Python masu tsarki. Suna cirewa daga aiki mai wahala, kwararo da ba a amfani da shi ba na gudanattur input da tabbatar — hanya mai tetun aiki da tsaro. ## Form na asali ```python from django import forms class ContactForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(max_length=100) email = forms.EmailField() # validates email format age = forms.IntegerField(min_value=0, required=False) message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea) ``` Kowane filin form yana bayyana nau'insa da ka'idodin tabbatar. Form din zai iya fitar da kanta a matsayin HTML kuma tabbatar input a karshi na wadon ka'idodi. ## Gudanar da form a gida (tsarin da aka saba) ```python def contact(request): if request.method == "POST": form = ContactForm(request.POST) # bind submitted data if form.is_valid(): # run validation # cleaned_data = validated, type-converted Python values name = form.cleaned_data["name"] send_email(form.cleaned_data) return redirect("success") else: form = ContactForm() # empty form for GET return render(request, "contact.html", {"form": form}) ``` Hanyoyin makamman: `is_valid()` yana aiwatar tabbatar, kuma idan ya yi nasara `cleaned_data` yana ba ka ƙimomi masu tsarki, suna tabbatarre, kuma an juye su. Idan ya kasa, form din yana riƙe da input kuma tara sakunan kuskure. ## ModelForms — forms daga models (DRY) ```python from django.forms import ModelForm class ArticleForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Article # build the form FROM a model fields = ["title", "body", "published"] # which fields to include # ModelForm can SAVE directly to the database def create(request): form = ArticleForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() # creates/updates the model instance! ``` **ModelForms** suna ƙera form ta atomatik daga filayen model kuma suna iya ajiye kai tsaye zuwa gida-akwati — yana nuna DRY (model yana aiwatar form), yana kawar da waliware don CRUD forms. ## Tabbatar da ke da kyau ```python class SignupForm(forms.Form): password = forms.CharField() confirm = forms.CharField() def clean_password(self): # field-level validation pw = self.cleaned_data["password"] if len(pw) < 8: raise forms.ValidationError("Too short") return pw def clean(self): # form-level (cross-field) validation data = super().clean() if data.get("password") != data.get("confirm"): raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match") ``` ## Fitar da tsaro ```html ``` Forms suna haɗu da **kariya CSRF** ta Django (`{% csrf_token %}`) kuma ayi shuni fitar da filayen tare da wasohaninsu na kuskure. ## Me ya sa yana da muhimmanci Django forms shine gida na manyan abubuwan aiki don gudanar da input na mai amfani ta tsaro kuma aiki - kuma gudanar da input daidai shine duka jiya (kusan kowane app yana da forms) kuma mahimmanci ga tsaro. \