Yadda kake bura Django aikace-aikace zuwa production?

Question

Accepted Answer

Burawar Django zuwa production ta haɗa da gudu shi bayan ainihin **WSGI/ASGI server** da **web server**, da sauran yamnu na daidai, kare saitin, da kulawar database — girma ba kamar built-in development server ba (wanda **ba** ne ga production).

## Production stack

```text
Client → NGINX (web server) → GUNICORN (WSGI app server) → DJANGO
           │                      (runs your Python app, multiple workers)
           └─ serves static/media files directly (efficient)

❌ NEVER use `python manage.py runserver` in production — it's single-threaded,
   insecure, and not built for load. Use Gunicorn (WSGI) or Uvicorn (ASGI for async).
```

Dev server bai dace ga production ba. Standard stack: **application server** (Gunicorn/uWSGI ga WSGI, Uvicorn ga ASGI/async) yana gudu Django tare da maraji da yawa, bayan **web server** (nginx) da ke daidaita haɗi masu zuwa, TLS, da daidaitattun fayil.

## Production saitin (mahimmanci na tsaro)

```python
DEBUG = False                            # ❗ MUST be False — DEBUG=True leaks sensitive info
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["example.com"]          # required when DEBUG=False
SECRET_KEY = os.environ["SECRET_KEY"]    # from the environment, NOT committed
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True               # force HTTPS
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000
```

## Daidaitattun fayil

```bash
python manage.py collectstatic           # gather static files into STATIC_ROOT
# then serve them via nginx or a CDN — or use WhiteNoise to serve them from the app
# (Django does NOT serve static files itself in production)
```

## Database da migrations

```bash
python manage.py migrate                  # apply migrations to the production DB
# use a real database (PostgreSQL), connection pooling, regular backups
```

## Checklist na burawar jiya

```text
1. Set production environment variables (SECRET_KEY, DB credentials, DEBUG=False)
2. Run migrations (manage.py migrate)
3. Collect static files (collectstatic) → serve via nginx/CDN/WhiteNoise
4. Run the app with Gunicorn/Uvicorn (multiple workers, behind nginx)
5. Enable HTTPS (TLS certificates, e.g. Let's Encrypt)
6. Set up logging, error monitoring (Sentry), health checks
7. Add a process manager (systemd/supervisor) or use containers (Docker) + orchestration
8. Run `manage.py check --deploy` to audit security settings
```

## Modern approaches na burawar

```text
✓ Containers (Docker) + orchestration (Kubernetes) or platforms (Heroku, Railway, Render)
✓ Managed databases, separate static/media storage (S3 + CDN)
✓ Background workers (Celery) + a broker (Redis) as separate services
✓ Horizontal scaling: multiple app instances behind a load balancer (keep app STATELESS)
```

## Me ya sa yana da mahimmanci

Burawar Django zuwa production yadda daidai ta buƙacce ne ilmi don wadata aikace-aikace daga development zuwa ainihin amfani, kuma ta haɗa da mahimmanci da suka bambanta sosai daga gida development — idan kaidai ba daidai ba kwatantawa zuwa abubuwan tsaro, rashin inganci, ko kacal.
\'Ban sanin **production stack** ya zama mahimmanci: dev server da jiya (`runserver`) shi ke maɓalla ba ga production (shi ne gida-gida-jiya, ba tsaro, ba zai iya jawo nauyi), don haka dole ka gudu Django bayan ainihin **application server** (Gunicorn/uWSGI ga WSGI, ko Uvicorn ga ASGI/async) tare da maraji da yawa, gaba da **web server** (nginx) da ke daidaita haɗi, TLS, da yaduwa daidaitan fayil.

Wani abubuwa ne mahimmanci na tsaro da kaidace: **production saitin** (musamman `DEBUG=False`, wanda ya wajibe tunda `DEBUG=True` yana ware bayani da sira ga maharin suna, kuma `ALLOWED_HOSTS`, sir **SECRET_KEY** daga kulli, da aiwatar HTTPS), **daidaitattun fayil** (gudu `collectstatic` da aiki daidaitan fayil ta nginx/CDN/WhiteNoise, tun Django ba ya aiki da su kanta ne a production — burawar mamaye da ke da ban sabon), da **kulawar database** (ainihin database kamar PostgreSQL, aiwatar migrations, adegewa).

Ban sanin checklist na burawar, modern approaches (Docker/containers, platforms da ke share, cloud storage ga media, Celery maraji kamar aiki daban-daban, kamada alwali tare da app ba lissafi), da sharuruwan aiki (shirya raba, kula ta Sentry, tsaro-tsaro na lafiya, kulawar aiki) ne kawai abin da ya sauya ainihin burawar production daga jariri ko rashin karya ba.

Don kila ainihin Django aikace-aikace dole ya bura ne a wajen, kuma tun burawar kurmakura (bar `DEBUG=True`, ba kaidace daidaitattun fayil, wayi sir, amfani dev server) yana haifar da ainihin tsaro da inganci, sanin yadda ake bura Django yadda daidai — stack, saitin mahimmanci na tsaro, daidaitattun/media aiki, da modern burawar abubuwan — mahimmanci, cike da ƙarin ilmi da ke nuni da iya aiko da production-ready aikace-aikace, jinsi da ke da mahimmanci kuma sa aljihu ga kwan Django duk wanda ke karba daidaitan tsarin ciki.