Menene views a cikin Django?

Question

Accepted Answer

A **view** shine layer na logics a cikin Django — function ko class wanda ke ɗaukar HTTP **request**, yana aiwatar logics (yin tambaya a models, sarrafa shigarwa), kuma yana mayar da HTTP **response**. Views ne wurin da kuke jajaye abin da ya faru lokacin da aka bugi URL.

## Function-based views (FBVs)

```python
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse

def article_list(request):
    articles = Article.objects.all()                    # query models
    return render(request, "articles.html", {"articles": articles})  # render a template

def article_detail(request, pk):
    article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)         # 404 if not found
    return render(request, "detail.html", {"article": article})

def api_articles(request):
    data = list(Article.objects.values("title", "body"))
    return JsonResponse(data, safe=False)               # return JSON instead of HTML
```

Function-based view yana ɗaukar `request` (da kuma kowane URL parameters), yana aiwatar aikinsa, kuma yana mayar da response — `render()` don HTML, `JsonResponse` don JSON, `HttpResponse` don raw output.

## Jajaye HTTP methods daban-daban da shigarwa

```python
def create_article(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = ArticleForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect("article_list")             # redirect after a successful POST
    else:
        form = ArticleForm()
    return render(request, "create.html", {"form": form})
```

Views suna duba `request.method` (GET, POST, da sauransu) kuma suna ƙara shigarwa ta `request.POST`, `request.GET`, `request.user`, da sauransu.

## Class-based views (CBVs) — sami sake amfani, ƙarancin repetition

```python
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView

# generic CBVs handle common patterns with minimal code
class ArticleListView(ListView):
    model = Article                                     # automatically lists all articles
    template_name = "articles.html"

class ArticleDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Article
```

Django kuma yana ba da **class-based views** — wanda ya haɗa da generic views (`ListView`, `DetailView`, `CreateView`) wanda suke aiwatar common patterns (listing, detail, CRUD) da kaɗan jiya, yana rage repetition.

## Rawar view a cikin request flow

```text
Request → URL routing → VIEW (logic) → queries models, renders template → Response
The view is the orchestrator: it connects the URL, the data (models), and the
presentation (template) to produce a response.
```

## Me ya sa ya mahalaci

Views shine logic layer na Django ("V" a MVT, daidai da controller a MVC) — suna wurin da kuke jajaye kowane request, suna zama ainihi ga bina kowane Django application.
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