Yaya za ka tsara aikacin Flutter?

Question

Accepted Answer

Tsarawa aikacin Flutter da kyau ya shamu **rabuwar abubuwan damewa** (UI, ilimin aiki, bayani), zabar **hanyar sarrafa jiha**, da tsarawa lambar aiki don **jiya hakika, gwajin, da girawa**. Tsara mai kyau tana da mahimmanci yayin da aikace-aikacen suka girma.

## Rabuwar abubuwan damewa (sarari)

```text
Separate the app into LAYERS with clear responsibilities:
  PRESENTATION (UI) → widgets/screens; display + user interaction (no business logic)
  BUSINESS LOGIC → state management, use cases, app logic (independent of UI)
  DATA → repositories, data sources (APIs, local DB), models
→ Each layer has ONE responsibility; depends only on lower layers → maintainable, testable.
```

## Alamu na tsarawa da aka saba

```text
✓ Layered/CLEAN architecture → presentation / domain / data layers; dependencies point
  inward; business logic independent of UI and frameworks
✓ MVVM → View (widgets) + ViewModel (state/logic) + Model (data)
✓ Repository pattern → abstract data access (UI/logic don't know if data is from API or
  cache) → swappable, testable
✓ State management (Bloc, Riverpod, etc.) structures the logic layer
```

## Tsarin aiki

```text
→ Organize by FEATURE (recommended for larger apps) or by layer:
  lib/features/auth/{presentation, domain, data}/
  lib/features/cart/...
  lib/core/ (shared: networking, utils, theme)
→ Feature-based structure scales well; keeps related code together.
```

## Ka'idoji don tsarawa mai kyau

```text
✓ SEPARATION OF CONCERNS — UI separate from logic separate from data
✓ TESTABILITY — business logic testable without UI; mockable dependencies
✓ DEPENDENCY INJECTION — provide dependencies (don't hardcode) → testable, flexible
✓ Keep widgets DUMB (display); logic in the state/logic layer
✓ Don't over-engineer small apps; scale architecture to the app's complexity
```

## Me ya sa ya mahalaci

Janyo yadda za ka tsara aikacin Flutter yana da mahimmanci ilimin matakin jiya saboda **tsara mai kyau ta zama dole don gina aikacen da za a iya sarrafa, gwajewa, da iye girwa** yayin da suka girma, don haka yana da daraja ga ainihin hankali na Flutter.

Yayin da aikace-aikacen suka girma fiye da misalai masu saukin kuskure, tsara mara kyau (ilimi da aka seche a cikin widgets, babu rabuwar abubuwan damewa) ta zama kumburi a sarrafa, gwaja, da fadada — wanda ya sa yadda za a tunani game da tsara ya zama mahimmanci.

Makasudin mahimmanci — **rabuwar abubuwan damewa a cikin sarari** (gabatarwa/UI don nuna aiki, ilimin aiki don aiki na aikace-aikace da jiha, bayani don nyifurin ajiye-ajiye da tushen yadda ake cire) tare da hakacinsu a hankali da malkofa — yana da mahakainta ga lambar aiki mai sarrafa, gwajewa, da tsarrewa UI daga ilimin aiki da saita kowane sarari mai fahimta kaje-kaje da ka sauya.

Janyo **alamu da aka saba** — tsarawa da aka taba (tare da ilimin aiki mara alaƙa da UI da kayan aiki), MVVM, da **alamu na nyifuri** (gada yadda ake cire bayani saboda UI da ilimin ba sa dogara da ko bayani yake zuwa API ko ajiye-ajiye, wanda ya sa aka iya saita da gwaja) — yana ba wa abubuwan da an tabbatar da su tsara.

Janyo **tsarin aiki** (tsarawa ta hanyar sifa don aikacen mafi girwa, kiyaye lambar da ta alaka tare, wanda ya tsara kyau) yana da muhimmancin aiki.

**Ka'idoji don tsarawa mai kyau** — rabuwar abubuwan damewa, gwajewa (ilimin aiki gwajewa ba tare da UI ba), **jaddawar gida** (saitin kwayo sa maimakon karantawa, don gwajewa da ninkusa), tsarrewa widgets "saƙƙa" (nuna kawai, ilimi a sararin ilimi), da kara-karawa ba bai tsara aikacen sirrai ba (tsarawa tsarawa ga hadarin hadarin) — suna nuna jin makamashin tsarawa matakin jiya.

Saboda tsara mai kyau ta zama dole don sarrafa, gwajewa, ƙura-ƙura aikacen Flutter yayin da suka girma (tare da tsara mara kyau da hadarin sarrafa aiki da gwajewa), da kuma saboda janyo rabuwar tsarawa da a takaita, alamu kamar nyifuri, tsarin aiki, da ka'idoji na tsarawa yana baiwa tikeli don gina aikace-aikacen da aka tsara kyau, janyo yadda za ka tsara aikacin Flutter yana da mahimmanci ilimin matakin jiya don ainihin hankali na Flutter — mahimman ƙwararru don gina aikace-aikacen mai sarrafa, ƙura-ƙura da shirye-shirye wanda ya rabu da hankali na tsarawa aiki, yana nuna yadda za a tunani game da tsarawa wanda ake karɓa don matsayin jiya.