Yaya kuke tunani da sadarwa da APIs a Flutter?

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Ayyukan Flutter sau da yawa suna tattalauta da **APIs** — yin buƙatun HTTP, fassara JSON, da kula da amsa/kurakurai. Ta hanyar amfani da kunsolin **http** ko **dio**, **async/await**, da fassara JSON, sadarwa shine babbar sashi na yawancin ayyuka. ## Yin buƙatun HTTP ```dart import 'package:http/http.dart' as http; // GET request Future> fetchUsers() async { final response = await http.get(Uri.parse('https://api.example.com/users')); if (response.statusCode == 200) { final List data = jsonDecode(response.body); // parse JSON return data.map((json) => User.fromJson(json)).toList(); } else { throw Exception('Failed to load users'); // handle errors } } // POST request await http.post( Uri.parse('https://api.example.com/users'), headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body: jsonEncode({'name': 'Ann'}), ); ``` ## Fassara JSON (serialization) ```dart // model class with fromJson/toJson (convert between JSON and Dart objects) class User { final String name; User(this.name); factory User.fromJson(Map json) => User(json['name']); Map toJson() => {'name': name}; } // → for many models, use code generation (json_serializable) to avoid boilerplate ``` ## Abubuwan da suka dace ```text ✓ Use a SERVICE/repository layer (separate networking from UI) — clean architecture ✓ Handle ERRORS (network failures, non-200 status, timeouts) gracefully → show UI feedback ✓ Show LOADING states (FutureBuilder / state management) ✓ Use DIO for advanced needs (interceptors, retries, better config) vs basic http ✓ Parse JSON into typed MODELS (not raw maps) — type safety ✓ Handle auth (tokens in headers), timeouts, and cancellation ``` ## Me ya sa haka ya matuwa Hankalin sadarwa da APIs a Flutter ya zama dole ne saboda **yawancin ayyuka suna tattalauta da backends** — funin bayanai da aikawa bayanai ta HTTP shine babbar sashi na kusan kowane aiki na gaske, saboda haka ilmin da dole ne. Ayyuka sau da yau buƙatan yin kiran API (lodin bayanai, gabatar da fomu, wa'azi), kuma sanin yadda za'a yin haka daidai shine abubuwan mahimmanci. Sanin yadda za'a **yin buƙatun HTTP** (GET, POST, da sauransu ta amfani da kunsolin `http` ko `dio` tare da async/await), **fassara JSON** (jujjuyawa amsa API zuwa abubuwan ƙira Dart da nau'i ta hanyar `fromJson`/`toJson`, kyau-kyau tare da samar da code don yawancin abubuwan ƙira), da **kula da amsa da kurakurai** (dubba alamomin yanayin, jefa/kula da exceptions) shine babbar ƙwararren aiki. Hankalin **abubuwan da suka dace** yana da wuri mai mahimmanci: amfani da **layer na aiki/ajiya** don raba sadarwa daga UI (sarkakiya na tsarkiya, kwararar jiya), **kula da kurakurai in da kyau** (gazawar sadarwa, yanayin da ba 200 ba, lokacin jinkiri — nuna takamaiman amsa UI, saboda kiran sadarwa sau da yau suna gagawa), **nuni da yanayin lodin** (ta hanyar FutureBuilder ko jare sadarwa, don kyakkyawan halin aiki), fassara JSON zuwa **abubuwan ƙira da nau'i** (don tsarin nau'i maimakon abubuwan taswira), da kula da wa'azi da jinkiri — waɗannan suna nuna gina sadarwaku mai karfi da za'a iya tunani, maimakon gaggawa na yau da kullun. Saboda yawancin ayyukan Flutter suna tattalauta da APIs (buƙatun da kusan ba a iya guje ba) da yin haka daidai (buƙatun daidai, fassara JSON zuwa abubuwan ƙira, kula da kurakurai, nuni da yanayin lodin, da sarkakiya na tsarkiya) ya zama dole ne don ayyukan da suke aiki, tabbataccen ayyuka, da saboda hankalin na'urwar da abubuwan da suka dace ya zama dole ne don wannan ƙwararren karfi, hankalin sadarwa da APIs a Flutter yana da mahimmanci, sau da yau ana amfani da shi abokin gida - ƙwararren karfi da dole ne a kusan kowane aiki na gaske na Flutter da ke tattalauta da backend, mahimman gina ayyuka da suka nuni da bayanai na gaske da aminci.