Apa iku anti-patterns?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Anti-patterns** yaiku solusi-solusi umum nanging **ora apik** kanggo masalah-masalah sing bola-bali — pendekatan-pendekatan sing kelihatan masuk akal nanging ndadekake asil sing ala (kode sing angel dipelihara, ana bug, utawa kaku). Ngenali dheweke nyulayani supaya bisa nyegah kesalahan-kesalahan umum.

## Apa iku anti-patterns

```text
ANTI-PATTERNS = commonly-used but COUNTERPRODUCTIVE solutions:
  → they seem like a solution but cause MORE problems (technical debt, bugs, rigidity)
  → the OPPOSITE of design patterns (proven good solutions)
→ recognizing them helps you AVOID common pitfalls
```

## Anti-patterns kode/desain sing umum

```text
GOD OBJECT/CLASS → one class doing too much (huge, knows everything) → hard to maintain;
  violates single responsibility
SPAGHETTI CODE → tangled, unstructured code with no clear flow → hard to follow/change
COPY-PASTE programming → duplicated code (violates DRY) → bugs/changes must be fixed everywhere
MAGIC NUMBERS/STRINGS → unexplained literal values → unclear, error-prone
PREMATURE OPTIMIZATION → optimizing before it's needed → wasted effort, complexity
GOLDEN HAMMER → over-using one familiar tool/pattern for everything ("when you have a hammer...")
HARDCODING → values that should be configurable baked into code
```

## Anti-patterns proses/arsitektur

```text
BIG BALL OF MUD → no clear architecture; everything tangled
OVER-ENGINEERING → unnecessary complexity, abstraction, or patterns where not needed
CARGO CULT → using patterns/practices without understanding why
Reinventing the wheel; not invented here; tight coupling everywhere
→ recognizing anti-patterns → write cleaner, more maintainable code by avoiding them
```

## Kenapa penting

Ngenali anti-patterns iku migunani amarga **pengenalan solusi-solusi buruk sing umum nyulayani supaya bisa nyegah dheweke**, ndadekake kode sing luwih bersih lan mudah dipelihara, dadi iku pengetahuan desain sing gunakan.

Anti-patterns yaiku solusi-solusi umum nanging kontraproduktif — pendekatan-pendekatan sing kelihatan masuk akal nanging nyebabake masalah-masalah liyane (utang teknis, bug, kaku) — dasare loro saka design patterns.

Nengenali apa iku anti-patterns (solusi-solusi sing umum digunakake nanging ora apik sing kudu dihindari) nggawa framwork kanggo konsep kasebut.

Nengenali **anti-patterns kode/desain sing umum** — **God object** (kelas siji nglakoni banyak banget, nglanggar tanggung jawab tunggal), **spaghetti code** (kode sing kusut, ora terstruktur), **copy-paste programming** (duplikasi nglanggar DRY, nyebabake bug sing kudu diperbaiki ing kabeh papan), **magic numbers/strings** (literal-literal sing ora jelas), **premature optimization** (ngoptimalake sadurunge perlu), **golden hammer** (nggunakake peralatan familiar siji kanggo kabeh), lan **hardcoding** — nyulayani supaya bisa ngenali lan nyegah kesalahan-kesalahan tingkat kode sing sering ana.

Nengenali **anti-patterns proses/arsitektur** — **big ball of mud** (ora ana arsitektur sing jelas), **over-engineering** (kerumitan lan patterns sing ora perlu kono sing ora dibutuhake — nyambung karo penilaian babagan ora makso patterns), lan **cargo cult** (nggunakake patterns tanpa ngerti kenapa) — nyulayani supaya bisa nyegah kesalahan-kesalahan struktural lan proses sing luwih gedhe.

Ngenali anti-patterns iku migunani amarga dheweke *umum* — para developer dhawah menyang dheweke sacara alami — dadi ngerti apa sing kelihatan lan kenapa dheweke negatif nyulayani supaya bisa kanthi sadar nyegah dheweke lan nulis kode sing luwih bersih lan mudah dipelihara.

Nengenali anti-patterns nambahi nengenali patterns: ngerti loro solusi-solusi apik (patterns) lan sing ala (anti-patterns) nambahi penilaian desain.

Amarga ngenali solusi-solusi buruk sing umum (anti-patterns) nyulayani supaya bisa nyegah dheweke lan nulis kode sing luwih bersih lan mudah dipelihara, lan amarga anti-patterns yaiku jebakan-jebakan umum sing para developer alami kanthi alami (God objects, spaghetti code, duplikasi, over-engineering, cargo cult), lan amarga nengenali dheweke nambahi ngerti patterns, nengenali anti-patterns yaiku pengetahuan desain sing migunani, praktis relevan — migunani kanggo ngenali lan nyegah kesalahan-kesalahan umum sing ndadekake kode sing ora apik, nambahi pengetahuan pola-pola apik, lan penting kanggo penilaian desain supaya nyegah jebakan-jebakan sering sing nglara kualitas kode lan kemudahan pemeliharaan.