Pola desain gegayutan karo refactoring kepiye?

Question

Accepted Answer

Pola desain asring **muncul melalui refactoring** tinimbang dirancang sebelum-e — nalika kode berkembang lan kebutuhan-e dadi jelas, refactoring nuju pola-pola nambah kualitas desain. Iki ngrefleksikan prinsip ngetrapake pola nalika pancene dibutuhake, ora spekulatif.

## Pola-pola muncul melalui refactoring

```text
Rather than designing patterns in UPFRONT (often premature/speculative), patterns often
emerge as you REFACTOR existing code:
  → start SIMPLE → as needs become clear (real complexity, real duplication, real change
    points), REFACTOR toward a pattern that addresses them
  → "refactor TO a pattern" when the code would genuinely benefit
→ patterns as a destination of refactoring, not a starting blueprint
```

## Tuladha refactoring nuju pola-pola

```text
→ A growing if/else or switch on "type" → refactor to STRATEGY or polymorphism
→ Duplicated object creation logic → extract a FACTORY
→ A class doing too much (God object) → split responsibilities (toward SRP; extract classes)
→ Hardcoded dependencies (hard to test) → introduce DEPENDENCY INJECTION
→ Complex subsystem usage scattered around → introduce a FACADE
→ Adding behavior via subclass explosion → refactor to DECORATOR (composition)
```

## Mengapa cara iki apik

```text
✓ Avoids PREMATURE / speculative patterns (YAGNI) → add the pattern when the need is REAL
✓ The pattern is JUSTIFIED → you've seen the actual problem it solves
✓ Lets design EVOLVE → start simple, add structure as complexity warrants
✓ Refactoring is SAFE with tests → tests let you refactor toward patterns confidently
→ "make it work, make it right (refactor, possibly to patterns), make it fast"
```

## Mengapa iki penting

Paham carane pola desain gegayutan karo refactoring minangka pengetahuan level senior sing berharga amarga ngrefleksikan **pendekatan matang ngetrapake pola nalika pancene dibutuhake** (melalui refactoring) tinimbang spekulatif, mula iki mbisak nuntun nggunakake pola kanthi apik.

Insight utama yaiku pola desain asring **muncul melalui refactoring** tinimbang dirancang sebelum-e — mulai gampang lan refactoring nuju pola nalika kebutuhan nyata (kompleksitas, duplikasi, titik perubahan) dadi jelas.

Pendekatan "refactor nuju pola" iki memperlakukan pola minangka tujuan refactoring tinimbang blueprint awal, kang minangka cara sing luwih matang lan kurang berisiko ngetrapake-ne.

Paham **tuladha** — refactoring conditional sing berkembang nuju Strategy, ngekstrak logika pembuatan sing duplikat nuju Factory, mbagi God object nuju single responsibility, ngenalake dependency injection kanggo dependensi hardcoded, nambah Facade kanggo penggunaan subsistem sing berserakan, lan refactoring ledakan subclass nuju Decorator — nuduhake carane kode nyata berkembang nuju pola nalika masalah sing dipecahake-ne pancene muncul.

Paham **mengapa cara iki apik** minangka nilai utama: iki **ngindhari pola prematur/spekulatif** (YAGNI — nambah pola mung nalika kebutuhan iku nyata, tinimbang nebak kebutuhan masa depan lan over-engineering), mesthikake pola iku **justified** (kowe wis weruh masalah nyata), dadi **desain bisa berkembang** (mulai gampang, nambah struktur nalika kompleksitas butuh), lan **aman karo test** (kang ngaktifake refactoring sing percaya diri).

Iki gegayutan karo kebijakan luwih luas "bikin gawé, bikin bener (refactoring, mungkin nuju pola), bikin cepet." Pendekatan refactoring-driven iki nanggo pola ngrefleksikan pertimbangan desain matang — ngetrapake pola minangka respons nanggo kebutuhan nyata kang diamati, tinimbang spekulatif, ngiwarani under-design (ora nganakake pola sing bermanfaat) lan over-design (ngetrapake pola kanthi prematur).

Amarga pola paling apik dikerapake nalika pancene dibutuhake (melalui refactoring nalika kebutuhan nyata muncul) tinimbang spekulatif sebelum-e, lan amarga pendekatan refactoring-driven iki ngindhari pola prematur nalika dadi desain berkembang, lan amarga paham-e nuntun ngunggahake pola kanthi apik, paham carane pola desain gegayutan karo refactoring minangka pengetahuan level senior sing berharga — ngrefleksikan pendekatan matang ngetrapake pola melalui refactoring nalika genuinely dibutuhake (ngiwarani over-engineering spekulatif), dadi desain berkembang saka gampang nuju pola nalika layak, lan ngemong pertimbangan desain ngetrapake pola minangka respons nanggo kebutuhan nyata, ciri khas developer senior.