Apa iku Template Method pattern?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Template Method** pattern ngrancang **skeleton saka algoritma** ing kelas dasar, ngidini subclass nggawe langkah-langkah khusus tanpa ngowahi struktur keseluruhan. Iki nangkep proses umum lan ngidini customisasi langkah-langkah individual.

## Apa sing ditindakake Template Method pattern

```text
TEMPLATE METHOD → define an algorithm's overall STRUCTURE in a base method, with some STEPS
left for subclasses to implement:
  → the base class controls the overall flow (the "template")
  → subclasses override specific STEPS (the parts that vary)
  → the algorithm's structure is FIXED; the steps are customizable
→ "common process, customizable steps"
```

## Conto

```js
// base class defines the algorithm skeleton
class DataProcessor {
  process() {                    // the template method (fixed structure)
    const data = this.read();    // step (subclass implements)
    const result = this.transform(data);  // step (subclass implements)
    this.save(result);           // step (subclass implements)
  }
  read() { throw 'implement'; }       // steps to be overridden
  transform(d) { throw 'implement'; }
  save(r) { throw 'implement'; }
}
// subclasses provide the specific steps; the overall process is the same
class CsvProcessor extends DataProcessor { read() {...} transform() {...} save() {...} }
```

## Benefit lan uses

```text
BENEFITS:
  ✓ CODE REUSE → common algorithm structure defined ONCE (in the base); no duplication
  ✓ CONSISTENCY → all subclasses follow the same overall process
  ✓ CUSTOMIZATION → vary specific steps without rewriting the whole algorithm
  ✗ uses inheritance (consider composition/strategy alternatives for flexibility)
USES → frameworks (define a process, you fill in hooks); data processing pipelines;
  lifecycle methods (e.g. framework hooks/callbacks); workflows with varying steps
```

## Mengapa iki penting

Memahami Template Method pattern penting amarga iku **behavioral pattern sing berguna** kanggo nangkep proses umum karo langkah-langkah sing bisa disesuaike, umum ing framework, dadi iku pengetahuan design sing relevan.

Template Method pattern ngrancang skeleton algoritma ing kelas dasar lan ngidini subclass nggawe langkah-langkah khusus — nangkep proses umum lan ngidini customisasi saka bagian-bagian individual.

Memahami apa sing ditindakake (kelas dasar ngontrol aliran keseluruhan minangka template tetap, karo subclass override langkah-langkah spesifik sing beda-beda) iku pengetahuan pokok.

Memahami **benefit** iku kunci: **code reuse** (struktur algoritma umum didefinisikan sekali ing dasar, ngindari duplikasi ing subclass sing bareng proses), **consistency** (kabeh subclass nututi proses keseluruhan sama — ensure uniformity), lan **customization** (beda langkah spesifik tanpa nulis maneh kabeh algoritma).

Iku nggawake Template Method berharga nalika sampeyan duwe proses sing sama keseluruhan nanging beda ing detalé.

Memahami caveat yen iki nggunakake inheritance (karo composition/Strategy minangka alternatif kanggo flexibility luwih) nggambarake pertimbangan seimbang.

Memahami **uses** — **framework** (ngrancang proses ing ngendi sampeyan nggawe hook — pola framework sing umum banget), data processing pipeline, **lifecycle method** (framework hook lan callback, kaya lifecycle method ing UI framework), lan workflow karo langkah-langkah sing beda-beda — nerangke applicability.

Template Method pattern utamane umum ing framework, ngendi framework ngrancang aliran keseluruhan lan sampeyan implementasi hook khusus (pola sing sampeyan panemoni nalika override lifecycle framework utawa hook method).

Sakjane Template Method pattern iku behavioral pattern sing berguna kanggo nangkep proses umum karo langkah-langkah customize (code reuse, consistency, customization), umum ing framework (lifecycle method, hook), lan sakjane memahami iku lan uses-ne iku relevan kanggo ngenali lan nggunakake pola umum-framework iki, memahami Template Method pattern iku berharga, praktis-relevan design knowledge — pola berguna kanggo proses umum karo langkah-langkah beda, utamane nyebar ing framework (lifecycle hook), lan pengetahuan design penting kanggo nangkep struktur algoritma bareng nalika ngidini customisasi langkah.