Apa iku pola Iterator?

Question

Accepted Answer

Pola **Iterator** nyedhiyakake cara kanggo **melintasi koleksi** sacara urut tanpa mbukak struktur internal. Iki dadi pola sing dhasar banget nganti dibangun ing umume basa modern (for-of loops, iterators, generators).

## Apa sing ditindakake pola Iterator

```text
ITERATOR → access elements of a collection SEQUENTIALLY without exposing its internals:
  → provides a standard way to traverse (next element, has more?)
  → the collection's internal structure (array, tree, linked list) is HIDDEN
  → decouples traversal logic from the collection
→ "iterate without caring how the collection is structured"
```

## Dibangun ing basa modern

```js
// most languages have the Iterator pattern built in
for (const item of collection) { /* ... */ }   // works for arrays, sets, maps, custom iterables

// custom iterables/generators implement the iterator protocol
function* range(n) { for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) yield i; }   // a generator (iterator)
for (const i of range(5)) console.log(i);   // 0,1,2,3,4
```

```text
→ for-of (JS), for-in (Python), iterators, generators, IEnumerable (C#), Iterator (Java)
  → all are the Iterator pattern, built into the language
```

## Keuntungan lan panganggone

```text
BENEFITS:
  ✓ UNIFORM traversal → iterate any collection the same way (regardless of internal structure)
  ✓ ENCAPSULATION → the collection's internals stay hidden
  ✓ Multiple iterators; lazy iteration (generators → compute elements on demand)
USES → traversing any collection; LAZY sequences (process huge/infinite sequences without
  loading all at once); custom iterables; pipelines (map/filter over iterators)
```

## Dene iki penting

Ngerti pola Iterator iku berharga amarga iku **pola dhasar sing dibangun ing umume basa modern**, dadi ngenali iku njedhakke paham tentang fitur basa sing dianggo saben dina.

Pola Iterator nyedhiyakake melintasi koleksi sacara urut tanpa mbukak struktur internal — lan iku dadi dhasar banget nganti **dibangun ing umume basa modern** (for-of loops, iterators, generators).

Ngerti apa sing ditindakake (nyedhiyakake melintasi urut standar sambil ndhelikke struktur internal koleksi, ngsingkroni melintasi mula koleksi) iku ilmu pokok.

Ngerti manawa iku **dibangun ing basa** iku kasunyatan praktek sing penting: for-of loop (JavaScript), iterators, generators, IEnumerable (C#), lan Iterator (Java) kabeh mau pola Iterator — dadi ngenali iki njedhakke paham tentang melintasi sing akrab lan dianggo terus-terusan, nuduhake manawa iterasi sing biasa iki minangka conto pola klasik.

Ngerti **keuntungan** — **melintasi uniform** (melintasi koleksi apa wae cara sing padha bebasen struktur internal), **enkapsulasi** (ndhelikke internals), lan utamane **lazy iteration** (generators ngetung elemen mundhak-mundhak) — lan **panganggone** — melintasi koleksi, **lazy sequences** (ngolah urutan gedhe utawa tanpa wates tanpa muatake kabeh sawenang-wenang, kaabilitas sing kuwat), customizable iterables, lan pipelines (map/filter nang iterators) — nerangake nilai praktek.

Kaabilitas lazy-iteration (generators) utamane penting kanggo efisiensi karo data gedhe.

Ngenali pola Iterator ing fitur basa (for-of, generators) iku conto sing apik saka pola diserap ing basa, manghubungake teori pola ing kode saben dina.

Sejak pola Iterator dadi dhasar lan dibangun ing umume basa modern (for-of, iterators, generators), lan sejak ngenali njedhakke paham tentang fitur saben dina lan kaabilitan lazy-iteration sing berharga, lan sejak ngerti manghubungake teori pola ing kode sing terus-terusan dianggo, ngerti pola Iterator iku berharga, ilmu desain sing ana urungane praktek — pola dhasar sing dibangun ing basa modern (for-of, generators), ngenali sing njedhakke paham tentang iterasi saben dina, karo kaabilitan lazy-sequence sing berharga, lan conto apik saka pola sing diserap ing fitur basa.}}]