Real-time broadcasting na yadda yadda ke aiki a Laravel?

Question

Accepted Answer

Laravel **broadcasting** yana ba da damar **real-time** ayyuka (live sanarwa, tattaunawa, live sabunta) ta hanyar turawa abubuwan tukur server zuwa browser ta hanyar WebSockets. Yana aiki ta hanyar yadasawa abubuwan Laravel akan hanyar WebSocket, wanda clients na JavaScript suke sa intsu tunkarinsu kuma suke mayar da amsa — na gida abubuwan damansa zuwa gida a jiya.

## Gida-gidan canji

```text
Server event (e.g. MessageSent) → broadcast over a WebSocket channel →
  client JS (Laravel Echo) listening on that channel receives it → updates the UI live.

WebSocket server options:
  ✓ Laravel Reverb (first-party, self-hosted WebSocket server)
  ✓ Pusher (hosted service)
  ✓ Soketi (open-source, self-hosted)
```

## Yadasawa abu tukur daga server

```php
<?php
class MessageSent implements ShouldBroadcast {       // mark the event to broadcast
    public function __construct(public Message $message) {}

public function broadcastOn(): Channel {
        return new PrivateChannel('chat.' . $this->message->room_id);   // the channel
    }
}

// dispatch it — it's sent to subscribed clients over WebSockets
MessageSent::dispatch($message);
```

Abu da ke aiwatar `ShouldBroadcast` ana turawa shi kan hanyar WebSocket azaman sukan waje. `broadcastOn()` yana ayyana wane hanya — jama'a, **matalauci** (shaida-bukata), ko kasancewa (wa ke online).

## Saurare akan client (Laravel Echo)

```js
// Laravel Echo — the JS library that subscribes to channels
Echo.private(`chat.${roomId}`)
    .listen('MessageSent', (e) => {
        addMessageToUI(e.message);     // react in real time when the event arrives
    });

// presence channels — track who's online
Echo.join(`room.${roomId}`)
    .here(users => ...)        // currently present users
    .joining(user => ...).leaving(user => ...);
```

Client yana amfani da **Laravel Echo** don sa intsu tunkarinsu kan hanyoyi kuma gudu lamun abubuwan zo — sabunta UI na jiya ba tare da ankwatawa ba.

## Hanyoyi jinin da shaida

```text
Public channel   → anyone can listen
Private channel  → requires authorization (defined in channels.php) — for user-specific data
Presence channel → private + tracks who's currently subscribed (online users)
```

## Dalilin sa ya matukar mahimmanci

Real-time broadcasting shi ne yadda Laravel ke aiwatar **live, canji abubuwan** — sauri sanarwa, tattaunawa, live dashboard, haɗin sabunta, kasancewa (wa ke online) — wanda model buƙatun-amsa gida ba zai iya bayarwa ba (server zai iya turawa ga clients, ba kaɗai amsa buƙatu ba).
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