Yaya kuke aiki da bukatau da amsa?

Question

Accepted Answer

Laravel ya gida HTTP a cikin kyakkyawan **Request** da **Response** abubuwa. Abin `Request` ya ba da aminci, tsarkakakken shiga ga bayanan da ke shigowa (input, fayilai, headers); taimakon amsa na Laravel suna saukarwa da bayani, JSON, sake nayi, da wani abu saukarwa a madaidaiciyar hanya.

## Samun bayanan bukatau

```php
public function store(Request $request) {
    $request->input('name');             // a specific input field
    $request->name;                       // shorthand access
    $request->only(['name', 'email']);    // a subset
    $request->all();                      // all input
    $request->query('sort');              // a query string param (?sort=)
    $request->has('email');               // check presence
    $request->input('page', 1);           // with a default

$request->file('avatar');             // an uploaded file
    $request->header('Authorization');
    $request->user();                     // the authenticated user
    $request->ip(); $request->method();   // request metadata
}
```

Abin `Request` (wanda aka shigar shi kai tsaye a cikin hanyoyin jami'a) ya ba da tsarkakakken, aminci shiga ga duk bayanan da ke shigowa — kaurin da yawa ba tare da raw `$_GET`/`$_POST` superglobals ba, tare da hanyoyin taimakon gida don bukatun gida.

## Bada amsa

```php
return view('users.index', ['users' => $users]);   // render a Blade view
return response()->json($data, 200);                // JSON (auto for arrays/models too)
return $user;                                       // a model → auto-serialized to JSON
return redirect('/home');                            // redirect
return redirect()->route('profile')->with('msg', 'Saved!');   // redirect + flash message
return back();                                       // redirect to the previous page
return response()->download($path);                  // file download
```

Taimakon amsa na Laravel suna kula da yanayin gida tare da mahimmi: jera bayani na abubuwa, bada JSON (arrays da Eloquent models suna kai tsaye zuwa JSON), sake nayi (tare da kayan kabar), da saurowa. Bada model ko array daga jami'a kai tsaye suna samarwa amsa na JSON.

## Sauya amsa

```php
return response()->json(['error' => 'Not found'], 404)
    ->header('X-Custom', 'value');                   // custom status + headers
return response('Hello', 200)->header('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
```

## Yasa ya muhimmu

Aiki tare da bukatau da amsa shi ne asali ga kowane Laravel aikace-aikace — kula da bayanan da ke shigowa da bada output shi ne asali na jajaki na bukatau, saboda haka fahimtar waɗannan abubuwa shi ne muhimman ilmi na yau da kullun.

**Abin Request** ya ba da tsarkakakken, aminci, mai juyawa shiga ga duk bayanan da ke shigowa (input, query params, fayilai, headers, mai aminci) ta hanyoyin masu taimakon gida — haɓakacce mai lahani akan tsari gida ga raw PHP superglobals (`$_GET`/`$_POST`), biyu a ɗabi'ar hanya da a karbuwa abubuwan aminci.

Taimakon amsa na Laravel suna bada daidai amsa na kururuwa na gida daidai-daidai: jera bayani na Blade bayani, bada JSON (tare da arrays da Eloquent models kai tsaye seriali — mai juyawa don APIs), sake nayi (tare da kabar flash don bada sanin mai aminci), saurowa fayilai, da amsa na abin da ke damje da lambar matsala da headers ta musamman.

Fahimtar yaya za a iya shiga bayanan bukatau ta hanyoyin Request object da yaya za a bada amsa na daidai (bayani don shafuka, JSON don APIs, sake nayi bayan ayyuka) shi ne asali, ilmin dole a sani don gina kowane Laravel ƙarshe, tun da kowane hanya ta jami'a ta karbi bukatau da ta bada amsa.

Juya da aminci na bukatau/amsa na Laravel sune wani abin da ya sauya jami'a saukarwa koli, da fahimta da daidai tasiri tare da su shi ne asali ga saukarwa buɗe-buɗe na Laravel.