Menene masu-'awa a cikin Laravel?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Controllers** group related request-handling logic into classes. Instead of putting all logic in route closures, controllers organize an application's actions (e.g. all user-related operations) into methods — keeping routes clean and code organized.

## Maigidai-'awa na asali

```php
<?php
class UserController extends Controller {
    public function index() {
        return User::all();              // list users
    }
    public function show(User $user) {   // route model binding — auto-fetch by id
        return $user;
    }
    public function store(Request $request) {
        $validated = $request->validate(['name' => 'required', 'email' => 'required|email']);
        return User::create($validated);  // create
    }
}
```

Samar da Artisan: `php artisan make:controller UserController`. Kowane hanya tana kullaya aiki daya, kuma hanyoyin tuna gaida ta zuwa gida.

## Masu-'awa na albarkattu (RESTful CRUD)

```php
// generate a controller with all 7 RESTful methods stubbed
// php artisan make:controller PostController --resource

Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);   // maps routes to the methods:
// index() create() store() show() edit() update() destroy()
```

A **resource controller** yana da hanyoyin CRUD na gida, haɗe da `Route::resource` don tukin RESTful da gida — ƙaramin boilerplate don albarkattun abubuwa na CRUD.

## Hadaddiyar shigar cikin masu-'awa

```php
class OrderController extends Controller {
    // type-hinted dependencies are AUTO-INJECTED by Laravel's service container
    public function __construct(private OrderService $orders) {}

public function store(Request $request, Mailer $mailer) {   // method injection too
        // $request and $mailer are resolved & injected automatically
    }
}
```

Mabudi-jirgin jiya Laravel ya **jaddada wajen shigar** ƙaramin-abubuwan da aka ƙudda cikin mai-'awa na gida da hanyoyin (gida ba tare da `Request`) — saro, gwaji na na wajen.

## Jiya masu-'awa a duniya

```text
✓ Controllers should handle HTTP concerns (validate input, call services, return responses)
✗ Business logic belongs in SERVICES/models, not bloated controllers ("thin controllers")
```

## Me yasa ya daɗi

Masu-'awa sune gida na gida na Laravel — suna shirya jirgin jiya-hanyoyin shigar cikin azuzuwan haɗa, wanda ke bukatuwa ga kowane aikace-aikace da ke waje da wajen hanyoyin.

Sanin yadda ake aiki da masu-'awa, taswira hanyoyin zuwa ga hanyoyinsu, kuma musamman amfani da **resource controllers** tare da `Route::resource` (don gida na haɗa RESTful tare da ƙaramin boilerplate) shine ilimi na yau-yau don bina aikace-aikacen Laravel.

Tsarin makaranta-gida na Laravel shine **jaddada wajen shigar ta bimma** cikin masu-'awa ta hanyar masana'antar jirgin — ƙaramin-abubuwan da aka ƙudda (sabis, bukatun, mailers) ana warwarewar kuma ana jaddawa ta bimma, yana ba da damar adadi, gwaji, da kuma laburins-haɗi.

Daidai da yawa jama'a shine kyauta na taba masu-'awa **bakin-bakin** — sayyad kawai HTTP shaɓa (bada daidai, kiran sabis, mayar da amsa) kuma aika jirgin jiya-hanyoyin gida zuwa sabis/tsofaffin, wanda ke jiya samarin sakamalawa da gwaji.

Masu-'awa, tare da hanyoyin shigar kuma sakamalawan, sune gida na jirgin jiya-hanyoyin shigar na Laravel, waɗanda ke lissafin su mahimmaci ga samar da aikace-aikacen Laravel na ikirar jama'a, gida.