Python yana da alaƙa mara iyawa na jink-in jink-in haɓaka wanda ke rufe lambobi, rubutu, tarin kuma kuɓanccin kaɗan. Sanin su — kuma waddannan "mutable" vs "immutable" — shi ne ainihi.
x = 42 # int — arbitrary precision (no overflow!)
y = 3.14
z = +
b =
Sanarwa: Python int yana da gaisuwa mara iyawa — ba zai bugi koli ba (ba kamar ƙaramin-girma ints a C/Java ba); 2 ** 1000 ya aiki.
s = "hello" # str — Unicode text (immutable)
data = b"bytes" # bytes — raw binary (immutable)
lst = [1, 2, 3] # list — ordered, MUTABLE, allows duplicates
tup = (1, 2, 3) # tuple — ordered, IMMUTABLE
d = {"a": 1, "b": 2} # dict — key→value, mutable, insertion-ordered
s = {1, 2, 3} # set — unordered, unique elements, mutable
fs = frozenset({1, 2}) # frozenset — immutable set
result = None # NoneType — represents "no value" (like null)
if result is None: # always compare to None with `is`, not ==
...
type(x) # <class 'int'>
isinstance(x, int) # True — the preferred check (handles subclasses)
Immutable: int, float, bool, str, tuple, frozenset, bytes, None
Mutable: list, dict, set, bytearray
Waddannan bambanci yana da mahimmanci da yawa — abubuwan da ba su canza ba za su iya zama maɓuɓɓuka dict kuma suna da aminci a rarraba; waɗanda suka iya canzawa za su iya canzawa bazane idan an taɓe su.
Jink-in haɓaka ne kalmomin duk lambar Python.
Sanin manufa ta kowannen jink (jerin jerin da aka tsara, dict don mabuɓɓuka, saiti don niyya, tuple don abin aiki) gaisuwa mara iyawa, kuma musamman mutable-vs-immutable raba (wanda ke damje mabuɓɓuka dict, butun aliasing, kuma abin da za a iya rarraba cikin aminci) shine ainihi.
Zabbar nau'in daidai don aikin — kuma fahimtar canzawar ba a iya — shine mahimmancin da sa aka aiki da yawa na Python da ke damje daidaito da saurin jiya a shira duka.