Abubuwan da ba za a iya canzawa ba za a iya canzawa bayan haɗawa; abubuwan da za a iya canzawa za a iya canzawa. Wannan bambanci ya kasance mahali na cibiyar Python kuma yana shafar aliasing, maɓallan dict, munaye na aiki, da nau'in ɗimikun ƙanuka.
Immutable: int, float, bool, str, tuple, frozenset, bytes, None
Mutable: list, dict, set, bytearray, and most custom objects
x = "hello"
x.upper() # returns a NEW string "HELLO" — x is unchanged
x += " world" # rebinds x to a NEW string; the original "hello" is untouched
n = 5
n += 1 # creates a new int 6; doesn't modify the int object 5
Tare da waɗanda ba za a iya canzawa, ayyuka waɗanda suke kama "canzawa" na ƙimar ga gaske sun haɓaka sabon abu kuma sun sake mahali mai ƙarfi. Ba a taɓa canza gida.
lst = [1, 2, 3]
lst.append(4) # modifies the SAME list object → [1, 2, 3, 4]
lst[0] = 99 # in-place change
# mutable — two names point to the SAME object
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a # b is NOT a copy — it's the same list
b.append(4)
print(a) # [1, 2, 3, 4] ← a changed too! (they're aliases)
# to actually copy:
b = a.copy() # or list(a), or a[:]
Aikawa abu da za a iya canzawa bai kunna shi ba — sunaye biyu suna yin aiki ga abu gida, don haka canzewa ta hanyar gida yana shafar waje. Wannan ya dace da da yawa kuma yana haɗa kyau bugs.
d = {(1, 2): "point"} # ✅ tuple key — immutable, hashable
d = {[1, 2]: "x"} # ❌ TypeError — lists are unhashable (mutable)
Dict keys da set members dole ne su kasance hashable, wanda ya nanaɗi ba za a iya canzawa (mad key na iya canzawa zai iya canza kuma ya ɓata teburin hash).
def modify(lst): lst.append(99) # mutates the caller's list (passed by reference)
def rebind(n): n += 1 # rebinds locally; caller's int unchanged
Aikawar canzawa abin da ba za a iya canzawa ne mahali na cibiyar Python wanda ya bayyana jerin haɗis da ɗimikun: taɓin aliasing (aikawa bai kunna abubuwan da za a iya canzawa ba), me ya sa aiyuka za su iya canzawa lissafi ana watse ba int, me ya sa abubuwan da ba za a iya canzawa kaɗai za su iya zama dict keys/set members, da aikawar default argument na iya canzawa.
Sanin waɗanne nau'ikan da za a iya canzawa vs ba za a iya canzawa — kuma cewa canzewa abu da aka raba yana shafar duk tunawa shi — shine mahali a cikin rubuta Python dai kuma don kare wasu washe-washen da aka fi sani.
Ɗakin karatu na tambayoyin hira na IT tare da amsoshi cikakke — daga Junior zuwa Senior.
Ba da Gudummawa