Menene bambanci tsakanin jerin, tuples da dictionaries?

Question

Accepted Answer

Waɗannan uku ne mafi yawan ɗan gida Python, kowannensu daidai ga aljanu daban-daban. Bambancin mahimmi shine **mabambanci**, **tsari**, da **yadda kake samun alawar abubuwa**.

## List — jeri da dajewa, jeri mabanbata

```python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits[0]            # "apple" — index access
fruits.append("date") # ✅ mutable — can add/remove/change
fruits[1] = "berry"   # change in place
len(fruits)          # 4
```

yi amfani da **jerin** don jerin da aka tsara wanda ke canzawa — ƙari, cire, shirya abubuwa.

## Tuple — jeri da dajewa, jeri wanda ba zai canza

```python
point = (3, 4)
point[0]             # 3 — index access (like a list)
point[0] = 5         # ❌ TypeError — tuples are IMMUTABLE
x, y = point         # unpacking — common use
```

yi amfani da **tuple** don ƙungiya mai iyaka na ƙima wanda bai kamata ya canza — daidaitawa, bayanai, girka aiki na ƙima da yawa. Saboda rashin canzawa, tuples kuma zai iya zama **keys dictionary** kuma sune kadan masu bukatar alaƙa.

## Dict — taswira maɓalli-ƙima

```python
user = {"name": "Ann", "age": 30}
user["name"]              # "Ann" — access by KEY, not index
user["email"] = "a@x.com" # mutable — add/update
user.get("phone", "N/A")  # safe access with a default
for k, v in user.items(): ...  # iterate key-value pairs
```

yi amfani da **dict** don taswira maɓalli zuwa ƙima don saurin neman ta hanya (O(1)). Tun Python 3.7, dictionaries na rijaista tsarin ƙarawa.

## Kamatawa

```text
              List          Tuple         Dict
Mutable?      yes           no            yes
Ordered?      yes           yes           yes (insertion, 3.7+)
Access by     index         index         key
Syntax        [1, 2]        (1, 2)        {"k": v}
Use for       changing seq  fixed record  key→value lookup
Dict key?     no            yes           no
```

## Me ya sa haka mahalaci

Zaɓin gida da dace shi ne takamaiman, yau da gida Python yanke shawarar ra'ayi, iyayya da juyawa, da niyyar.

Jerin da banbanta bayanan da aka tsara, tuples don ƙungiya maɗaifi / ba zai canza abubuwa (da maɓalli dictionary), dictionaries don sauri maɓalli-tushe sa'a nema — yin amfani da daya daidai suna nuna niyyar (tuple ba zai bada cikakkiyar jiya) kuma kuke ba da gida aiki wanda take dace (dict O(1) nema vs jeri O(n) nema).

Yada amfani mara kyau (misali scan jerin yayin da neman dict ta dace) aini yawa kasin faɗin gida asida.