Yadda ake aiki da loops da iteration a cikin Python?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

Loops na Python an tsara su domin yin iteration akan **iterables** (tarin abubuwa) kai tsaye, maimakon sarrafa index counters — wanda ke sa su tsada kuma sauƙi gida. Nau'o'in loop biyu sune `for` da `while`.

## The for loop — yin iteration akan abubuwa kai tsaye

```python
# ✅ Pythonic — iterate the items, not indices
for fruit in ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]:
    print(fruit)

# ❌ un-Pythonic — C-style index juggling (avoid)
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
for i in range(len(fruits)):
    print(fruits[i])
```

Python's `for` yana yin iteration akan **abubuwa** kansu — babu buɗewa na index. Wannan ya fi kyau kuma rashi kaɗai ne fiye da index-based loops.

## Essential looping helpers

```python
# range — generate numbers
for i in range(5):          # 0,1,2,3,4
for i in range(2, 10, 2):   # 2,4,6,8 (start, stop, step)

# enumerate — when you DO need the index AND the item
for i, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
    print(f"{i}: {fruit}")

# zip — iterate multiple sequences in parallel
for name, age in zip(names, ages):
    print(f"{name} is {age}")

# dict iteration
for key, value in user.items():
    print(key, value)
```

`enumerate` (index + item) da `zip` (parallel iteration) suna maye gurbin tsausewa na index manipulation — yi amfani da su maimakon `range(len...)`.

## while loops da control flow

```python
while condition:
    do_work()
    if done: break       # exit the loop
    if skip: continue    # jump to the next iteration
```

## The for-else clause (uncommon but useful)

```python
for item in items:
    if item == target:
        break
else:
    # runs ONLY if the loop completed WITHOUT a break
    print("not found")
```

`else` akan loop yana aiki idan ya kammala a al'ada (babu `break`) — yana da fa'ida don search patterns.

## Me ya dace

Model na iteration na Python — yin iteration kai tsaye akan abubuwa maimakon indices — shine asali ga rubuta code mai karki, idiomatic.

Sanin kayan aiki daidai (`enumerate` lokacin da kake buƙatar indices, `zip` don parallel iteration, `range` don ƙidaya, `.items()` don dicts) yana bani damar guje wa anti-pattern `range(len(...))` mai rashin amfani wanda farko daga waje sukan rubuta.

Clear iteration shine alamar code na Pythonic, kuma ana amfani da waɗannan kayan aiki kusan kowane shiri.

The for loop — yin iteration akan abubuwa kai tsaye

Essential looping helpers

while loops da control flow

The for-else clause (uncommon but useful)

Me ya dace

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