Ruby on Rails menene kuma ainihin ƙa'idodin sa?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Ruby on Rails** shi ne dominon Ruby web framework — babbar-stack, "batteries-included" framework wanda ya popularize aiki mai sauri na yanar gida. Yana da jagora ta hanyoyi biyu masu sani: **Convention over Configuration** da **Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)**, waɗanda suka sa aiki mai sauri kuma code ya zama tare.

## Convention over Configuration (CoC)

```ruby
# Rails uses CONVENTIONS so you write little configuration:
class User < ApplicationRecord    # maps to the "users" table AUTOMATICALLY (convention)
end
user.posts                         # a `has_many :posts` follows naming conventions

# follow the conventions → Rails "just works" with minimal setup
# (table names, file locations, routing, etc. follow predictable patterns)
```

**Convention over Configuration**: Rails yana ɗauka da hannu masu ma'ana bisa ga suna/tsarin ƙa'idodin (Model na `User` yana zama `users` table, da sauransu), don haka ka rubuta ƙaramin configuration. Bi ƙa'idodin kuma abubuwa suna aiki ta atomatik — babbar haɓaka aikin.

## DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)

```text
Rails is built to avoid repetition: define things ONCE.
  ✓ A model defines the data structure used across the app
  ✓ Shared layouts/partials (don't repeat HTML)
  ✓ Validations, associations declared once on the model
  ✓ Helpers and concerns for reusable logic
```

## MVC architecture da cikakkiyar stack

```text
Rails is MVC + full-stack "batteries included":
  Model (ActiveRecord ORM) — data + business logic
  View (ERB/templates) — presentation
  Controller — handles requests, coordinates
+ Routing, migrations, ActiveRecord (ORM), Action Mailer, Active Job (background jobs),
  asset pipeline, testing, security defaults — all included.
```

## ActiveRecord (the ORM) da ƙa'idodin a aiki

```ruby
class Post < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user                 # associations (convention-based)
  validates :title, presence: true # validations declared once
end

Post.where(published: true).order(:created_at)   # elegant querying
# migrations, the admin-like console, generators (scaffolding) all boost productivity
```

## Me ya sa haka mahimmanci

Ganin Ruby on Rails da ainihin ƙa'idodin sa yana da mahimmanci ne saboda Rails shi ne **dominon Ruby web framework** kuma babbar dalili da ya sa Ruby ya zama sani don yanar gida — shi ne abin da yawancin aikin Ruby na propesyonal ya shiga ciki, kuma ya yi tasiri a firgita ta web frameworks a harsunni da dama.

ƙa'idodin da suke kula da Rails su ne ƙa'idodin gida kuma suki da fahimta sosai: **Convention over Configuration** (Rails yana ɗauka da hannu masu ma'ana bisa ga suna da tsarin ƙa'idodin, don haka bi su yana nufin rubuta ƙaramin configuration yayin da abubuwa "ba kawai su yi" — babbar haɓaka aikin da ya sa masu aiki su gina siffoyi da sauri) kuma **DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)** (ayyana abubuwa sau daya — model yana karkatar data structure, ingantacciyar ƙa'idodi, da haɗuwa da ake amfani da su a cikin app).

Waɗannan ƙa'idodin, masu haɗuwa da **full-stack, batteries-included** yankin Rails (MVC architecture, ActiveRecord ORM, routing, migrations, background jobs, security defaults, generators — duk wanda ake bukata don app na yanar gida), ne sabab Rails ya bayar da sauri, aiki mai alaƙa da ingantacciyar codebases.

Ganin tafiya-gidan Rails (CoC da DRY), MVC structure, ActiveRecord (the elegant, convention-based ORM), da aikin da ƙa'idodin sa kuma kayan masauki da aka haɗa ya bayar yana da mahimmanci don duk Ruby yanar gida na aiki.

Tun Rails shi ne framework da ya ayyana web kasancewar Rails (yana karbar lokuta mara ƙarari da aikace-aikace), yana da bayani ƙa'idodi masu tasiri na gida da suka yi watsi da gida web-framework duniya, kuma inda yawancin aikin Ruby propesyonal ya faru, ganin sa da ainihin ƙa'idodin sa yana da mahimmanci, sau-sau ne, sani mai ƙunna don masu aiki Ruby — shi ne abin da Rails ke yi a aiki don abin da Ruby ke yi da yawa, kuma ganin ƙa'idodin da suke suna hannu-hannu, DRY, batteries-included tafiya-gidan sa yana jiyya don aiki na Rails kuma muhimmi, baba gida ga maganganun Rails framework na Rails na Ruby.