Menene gems da Bundler?

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**Gems** su ne pakejin Ruby (kantunan code) da aka rarraba ta hanyar RubyGems. **Bundler** yana sarrafa ƙarin gems na aikin — shiryawa daidaitacce na sigar daidai da tabbatarwar **daidaitacciyya, masu maimaito** na muhabbalci ta hanyar lockfile. Tare suke hanyar da aiki-aiki Ruby ke sarrafa ƙarin. ## Gems — pakejin Ruby ```bash
gem install rails          # install a gem globally
gem list                   # list installed gems
# gems come from rubygems.org — the central package registry (Rails, RSpec, etc.)
``` Gem shine pakejin Ruby (code + bayanan) da aka gida. RubyGems shine manajin pakej da rubygems.org shine cibiyar ajiya — equivayintoci Ruby na npm/pip. ## Bundler — sarrafon ƙarin aikin ```ruby
# Gemfile — declares your project's gem dependencies
source "https://rubygems.org"

gem "rails", "~> 7.0"        # version constraint (~> allows compatible updates)
gem "pg"                     # PostgreSQL adapter
gem "rspec", group: :test    # only in the test environment
``` ```bash
bundle install               # install all gems from the Gemfile (creates Gemfile.lock)
bundle update                # update gems to newer allowed versions
bundle exec rspec            # run a command with the project's exact gem versions
``` **`Gemfile`** yana bayyana ƙarin aikin tare da ƙayyadaddun sigar. `bundle install` yana shiryawa su da samar da **`Gemfile.lock`**. ## Fayilun ƙata — masu maimaito na shiryawa ```text
Gemfile      → declares dependencies with constraints (e.g. rails ~> 7.0)
Gemfile.lock → records the EXACT versions of every gem (and sub-dependency) installed
→ COMMIT Gemfile.lock → everyone (team, CI, production) gets the IDENTICAL versions.
  Prevents "works on my machine" bugs from version differences.
``` **`Gemfile.lock`** yana datse daidaitacciyar sigar kowane gem (har da ƙarin ƙarin), sabili ga aika shi tabbatarwa cewa duk mai aiki, CI, da production sun shiryawa *daidai* kauri ƙarin — maimaito, daidaitacciyya na muhabbalci. Daɗe aika shi. ## bundle exec — yi amfani da sigar aikin ```bash
bundle exec rspec    # runs rspec using the EXACT versions in Gemfile.lock
# (vs `rspec` which might use a different globally-installed version)
``` ## Me yasa ya dace Gems da Bundler su ne abubuwa mahimmanci ga haɓakawa Ruby — suke hanyar da kusan kowane aikin Ruby ke sarrafa ƙarin, sabili ga fahimta su ita esensiyali. **Gems** (pakejin Ruby daga rubygems.org) suna ba da kantunan da frameworks (Rails, RSpec, da sauransu) da abubuwa gaske suka dogara, da **Bundler** shine kayan sarrafa su a cikin aikin. Wajen da Bundler ya ba — da mahimman karin fahimta — shi ne **maimaito, daidaitacciyya na muhabbalci**: **`Gemfile`** yana bayyana ƙarin tare da ƙayyadaddun sigar, da **`Gemfile.lock`** yana datse *daidaitacciyar* sigar kowane gem (har da ƙarin ƙarin) da aka shiryawa. Aika `Gemfile.lock` tabbatarwa cewa kowa — gaida, CI, da production — shiryawa daidai kauri ƙarin, jinkirin "ya aiki a mashinena" kurakura da suke fitowa daga bambancin sigar. Wannan maimaito shine mahimmi ga aiki mai tabbas, haɗin gida da saukar. Fahimta gems (pakejin Ruby), Gemfile (bayyana ƙarin), `bundle install`, **lockfile da me yasa aka aika shi** (maimaito na shiryawa — abubuwa gida), da `bundle exec` (gudu da umarni tare da daidaitacciyar sigar aikin) ita saniya, ilimi na yau da kullun ga kowane aikin Ruby. Tun da sarrafon ƙarin ita abubuwa adibin tunatarwa, da tun da maimaito lockfile na Bundler ita hanyar da ƙungiyoyin Ruby ke tabbatar daidaitacciyya ta hanyar haɓakawa, CI, da production, fasaha gems da Bundler — daidai da npm/package-lock.json a Node — ita mahimma, sana'a mai ado da sarrafa sau-sau don haɓakawa Ruby mai sana'a.

gems come from rubygems.org — the central package registry (Rails, RSpec, etc.)

Gemfile — declares your project's gem dependencies

(vs rspec which might use a different globally-installed version)

(vs `rspec` which might use a different globally-installed version)