Menene tsarin Arrange-Act-Assert?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA)** shine tsari don tsarawa tests a hanya mai kyau zuwa hannaye uku: **Arrange** (shirya), **Act** (aiwata aiki), **Assert** (tabbatar da sakamakon). Yana sa tests su zama mai kyau gida, tsari, kuma sauƙa a fahimta.

## Hannaye uku

```text
ARRANGE → set up the test: create objects, prepare inputs, configure mocks, set state
ACT     → perform the ACTION being tested (call the function/method under test)
ASSERT  → verify the OUTCOME: check the result/behavior matches what's expected
→ A clear three-part structure for every test.
```

## Misali

```js
test('Cart calculates total with discount', () => {
  // ARRANGE — set up
  const cart = new Cart();
  cart.add({ price: 100 });
  cart.applyDiscount(0.1);          // 10% off

// ACT — perform the action under test
  const total = cart.getTotal();

// ASSERT — verify the result
  expect(total).toBe(90);
});
```

Hannaye uku suna bayyana a faɗi (sau da yawa suna rabe da layi mai ban taba ko sharhi), tuna da niyya ta test a bayyana: menene aka shirya, menene aka yi, menene aka bari.

## Why AAA helps

```text
✓ READABILITY — clear structure; easy to see setup vs action vs verification
✓ FOCUS — encourages testing ONE action per test (one clear Act)
✓ MAINTAINABILITY — consistent structure across tests; easy to understand/modify
✓ Spot problems — too much in Arrange (complex setup) or multiple Acts (testing too much)
→ (Given-When-Then is the same idea, in BDD terms: Given setup, When action, Then outcome.)
```

## Me ya sa haka ya matuwa

Ganin tsarin Arrange-Act-Assert ya kasance mai daraja domin yana samar da **tsari mai sauƙa kuma mai amma don rubuta tests masu kyau kuma na dogon lokaci**, saboda haka yana da amfani na aiki.

Tsarin — shirya kowane test zuwa **Arrange** (shirya halin test, abubuwa da aka shiryar, da yanayi), **Act** (aiwata aiki guda ɗaya da ake baje wa), da **Assert** (tabbatar da sakamakon ya dace da tsamani) — yana sa tests su zama mai kyau gida kuma tsari, tare da niyya jiya a bayyana (menene aka shirya, menene aka yi, menene aka tabbatar).
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