Menene jarrabawar tsaro?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Jarrabawar tsaro** tana kimantawa software don **raunin tsaro da kahanin tsaro** — tabbatar da yana karya bayani da yana tsaya wa hari. Ita ta haɗa da fasafohi daban-daban (SAST, DAST, jarrabawar cutacuta, bincike a cikin abubuwan kariya) kuma ita ƙaƙƙarfo a matsayin ƙaura na tsaro na iya samun sakamako mai sakaci.

## Abin da jarrabawar tsaro ke bincike

```text
Security testing finds VULNERABILITIES and verifies defenses:
  → common flaws: injection (SQL, etc.), XSS, broken authentication/authorization,
    sensitive data exposure, misconfigurations, vulnerable dependencies (OWASP Top 10)
  → does the app properly authenticate, authorize, validate input, encrypt data, etc.?
→ ensures the software resists attacks and protects data/users.
```

## Nau'o'i/dabarun jarrabawar tsaro

```text
SAST (Static) → analyze SOURCE CODE for vulnerabilities (without running it) — in CI
DAST (Dynamic) → test the RUNNING app for vulnerabilities (attack it from outside)
DEPENDENCY scanning (SCA) → find known vulnerabilities in libraries (Snyk, Dependabot)
PENETRATION testing → ethical hackers actively try to BREAK IN (find real exploitable flaws)
SECRET scanning → detect committed secrets; CONFIGURATION/IaC scanning
```

## Haɗa tsaro (shift left)

```text
✓ SHIFT SECURITY LEFT → test for vulnerabilities EARLY (in development/CI), not just at the end
✓ Automate SAST/dependency scanning in CI/CD (catch issues per change)
✓ Regular pen testing for critical apps; threat modeling; security code review
✓ WHY: security breaches are SEVERE (data leaks, financial/legal/reputation damage) →
  finding vulnerabilities before attackers do is critical
```

## Menene mahalinsa

Ganewa jarrabawar tsaro yana da kima sosai a matsayin ilimin jiya-jiya na gida saboda **kahanin tsaro na software na iya samun sakamako mai sakaci** (karni na bayani, zubar da bayani, sakaci na kudi da kuma sifi), saboda haka jarrabawar wajen noma lokacin ta zama mahimma sosai, wanda ya sa ilimun nan ya zama mahimmi.

Jarrabawar tsaro tana kimantawa software don **kahanin tsaro** (injection, XSS, tsara ƙoƙarin shiga da musarewa da ba su dace ba, buɗewar bayani, abubuwan kariya marasa ƙarfi — nau'ukan ƙaura na OWASP Top 10) kuma tana tabbatar da kariyarsa — tabbatar da yana tsaya wa hari kuma yana karya bayani da mutane, abin da yake mahimmi saboda kaifin lahani na katsina tsaro.

Ganewa **nau'o'i da dabarun jarrabawar** yana da mahimmanci: **SAST** (bincike na natsu na code don kahanin tsaro, na iya aiko a CI), **DAST** (jarrabawar aiki na app da ke gudana ta hari), **bincike da cikin abubuwan kariya/SCA** (samun kahanin da aka sani a cikin gidaje — waccan ta zama mahimmi sosai saboda hatari na jiya), **jarrabawar cutacuta** (ethikal na hawaye suna ƙoƙari na rushe tare da neman ainihin kahanin da za a iya aiki), da scanning na sirri/saita — kowa ya bugi al'ummar tsaro.

Ganewa **haɗa tsaro (shift left)** — jarrabawar kahanin tsaro a farkon ci gaba kuma CI (ba a ƙarshe kawai), daidaita SAST da bincike a cikin abubuwan kariya a CI/CD, yin jarrabawar cutacuta a jiya-jiya don apps mahimmi, da ilimin makasusu (samun kahanin kafin masu hari suka san shi, saboda karni na bayani yana da sakaci sosai) — ya nuna dabun zamani na gina jarrabawar tsaro a cikin tsarin bada aiki.

Tsaro yana mahimmu sosai, sau da yawa baa a bugi ba a matsayin girman alaƙa, kuma ganewa yadda ake jarrabawar kahanin tsaro yana zama mahimmi sosai yayin da barazana na tsaro suke tashi.

Saboda kahanin tsaro na software na yana da sakamako mai sakaci kuma jarrabawar tsaro (SAST, DAST, bincike a cikin abubuwan kariya, jarrabawar cutacuta, haɗawa a farkon ta hanyar shift-left) ita ce hanya ta samun kahanin kafin masu hari suka fara aiki, kuma saboda ganewa dabarun da tsana ba su mahimmi a gina software mai tsaro, ganewa jarrabawar tsaro yana da kima sosai a matsayin ilimin jiya-jiya na gida — mahimmi don magance girman tsaro na kima, samun kahanin kafin su na samun aiki, da nuna ilimin tsaro da ake bukatar a jiya-jiya rolla a muhalli mai barazana sosai na tsaro.