Menene gwajin aiki?

Question

Menene gwajin aiki?

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

**Gwajin aiki** yana kimanta yadda tsarin ke aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi — auna **saurin, ƙarfin ka'idoyi, da tsayuwa** a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Nau'i-nau'i suna haɗa da nauyi, matsi, tudu, da gwajin jinyewa. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa tsarin iya magana da amfani na duniya ta gaske (da ya san tsahi) cikin iyaka.

## Abin da gwajin aiki ke auni

```text
Non-functional testing of HOW WELL the system performs (not just correctness):
  → RESPONSE TIME / latency (how fast?), THROUGHPUT (requests/sec handled)
  → SCALABILITY (behavior as load grows), RESOURCE usage (CPU, memory)
  → STABILITY under sustained or extreme load
→ ensures the system meets performance requirements and handles real usage.
```

## Nau'i-nau'i na gwajin aiki

```text
LOAD testing → expected/normal load → does it meet targets under typical usage?
STRESS testing → BEYOND normal limits → find the breaking point; how it fails/recovers
SPIKE testing → sudden sharp load increase → handles bursts? (e.g. a flash sale)
SOAK / endurance → sustained load over a LONG time → finds memory leaks, degradation
SCALABILITY → how performance changes as load/resources scale
```

## Yadda da dalilin

```text
✓ Tools: k6, JMeter, Gatling, Locust → simulate many virtual users / high request rates
✓ Define performance REQUIREMENTS/SLAs (e.g. p95 latency < 200ms at X users) → test against them
✓ Test realistic scenarios; measure under controlled conditions; find BOTTLENECKS
✓ WHY: poor performance → bad UX, lost users/revenue, outages under load; find issues
  BEFORE production (e.g. before a big launch/traffic event)
```

## Dalilin da ya sa ya mahalaci

Sanin gwajin aiki yana da mahimmanci a mataki na zaɓi saboda **aiki shine muhimmin halaye na kalite** — tsarin dole ne ya kai aiki da nauyi da ya san tsahi cikin iyaka — saboda haka gwajin shi yana da mahimmanci ga aminci da gwamnatarwa ta mai amfani, yana sa wannan ilimi ya zama mai fa'ida.

Gwajin aiki yana kimanta **yadda tsarin ke aiki** (lokacin amsa, abin da ke wucewa, ƙarfin ka'idoyi, amfani na albarki, tsayuwa) a ƙarƙashin nauyi — halaye mara aiki bu wanda ya banbanta ne daga daidaituwa, amma yana da mahimmanci saboda aiki mara kyau yana haifar da wajen mai damje na mai amfani, rasa masu amfani da kuɗi, da matsala a ƙarƙashin nauyi.

Sanin **nau'i-nau'i** da niyoyin su yana da mahimmanci: **gwajin nauyi** (tabbatarawa aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi da ake tsammanin), **gwajin matsi** (fitar da iyaka don gano inda tsarin ke katse da yadda ya baci/ya gane), **gwajin tudu** (daling tudu, kamar sallama jarida), **gwajin jinyewa/aiki mai ila** (nauyi da ya ci gaba akan lokaci, gano lalatawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da tabowa), da gwajin ƙarfin ka'idoyi — kowa yana amsa tambayoyi daban-daban game da yadda tsarin ke aiki a yanayi daban-daban.

Sanin **yadda da dalilin** — amfani da kayan aiki (k6, JMeter, Gatling, Locust) don ƙiyada nauyi, tsara bukatun aiki/SLAs don gwajin (misali p95 jinkirin dawawo a adadin mai amfani da aka zartar), gwajin niyoyi da mabilos don gano wanda ke dagawa ƙarfin, da muhimmanci yin haka **kafin saida** (musamman kafin manyan fito ko abubuwan abubuwan jiya) don gano matsalolin aiki kafin su haifar da gazawa na gida — yana nuna mahimmancin fasali.

Gwajin aiki yana ɓoye yanayin da ya kasua na tsarin da ke gazawa a ƙarƙashin nauyi na gaske (fito yana tunzura, yajesite yana jajira zuwa ba sawo ba a lokacin yau-yau da jiya).

Tunda aiki shine muhimmin halaye na kalite (aiki mara kyau yana haifar da damje na kasuwanci da mai amfani) da gwajin aiki (nauyi, matsi, tudu, jinyewa) yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin iya aiki da nauyi da ya san tsahi kafin saida, da tun sanin nau'i-nau'i, kayan aiki, da mahimmanci yana mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa tsarin ke aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi, sanin gwajin aiki yana da mahimmanci a mataki na zaɓi — muhimmanci don tabbatarawa muhimmin halaye mara aiki, tabbatar da cewa tsarin yana magana da amfani na duniya ta gaske, da gano matsalolin aiki kafin su haifar da gazawa na saida, yana nuna faɗi na bukatun kalite da jiya masu alaƙa.

Abin da gwajin aiki ke auni

Nau'i-nau'i na gwajin aiki

Yadda da dalilin

Dalilin da ya sa ya mahalaci

Tambayoyi masu alaƙa