Menene bakin gwaba a gwaji?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Bakin gwaba** su ne bayani a gwaji wanda ya **bincika ko wani sarari yana gaskiya** — tabbatar da cewa sakamakon na gaske ya dace da sakamakon da ake sa ran shi. Su ne mahimmin abu na yadda gwaji ke tantance nasara ko gazawa: idan bakin gwaba ya gaza, gwaji ya gaza.

## Abin da bakin gwaba ke yi

```text
An ASSERTION checks that something is as expected:
  → "assert that the actual value EQUALS the expected value"
  → if TRUE → the assertion passes; if FALSE → the assertion FAILS → the TEST FAILS
→ Assertions are how a test VERIFIES behavior (the "check" part of a test).
```

## Nau'ikan bakin gwaba da aka saba

```js
// equality
expect(result).toBe(5);                  // strict equality
expect(obj).toEqual({ name: 'Ann' });    // deep/value equality (objects)

// truthiness / null
expect(value).toBeTruthy();
expect(value).toBeNull();
expect(value).toBeDefined();

// comparisons
expect(count).toBeGreaterThan(0);
expect(price).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);

// collections / strings
expect(array).toContain('item');
expect(array).toHaveLength(3);
expect(text).toMatch(/pattern/);          // regex

// errors
expect(() => risky()).toThrow();          // expect a function to throw

// negation
expect(value).not.toBe(null);
```

## Bakin gwaba mabashi

```text
✓ Assert the SPECIFIC expected outcome (clear what's being checked)
✓ Use the RIGHT matcher (toBe vs toEqual; specific > generic)
✓ Clear FAILURE messages (good assertions/matchers explain what failed)
✓ Don't over-assert (test one behavior) or under-assert (verify the actual result)
```

## Me yasa haka ya matukaici

Ganewa bakin gwaba shine ainihin mahimmin abu domin su ne **mahimmin hanya da gwaji ke amfani da ita don tabbatar da halayen aiki** — tangarta nasara ko gazawa — saboda haka yana dace, ilimi da sani da dole ne a sani don rubutu kowane gwaji.

Bakin gwaba **yana bincika ko wani sarari yana gaskiya** (yawancin lokaci cewa sakamakon na gaske ya dace da wanda ake sa ran shi), kuma shi ne bangaren "tabbatar da" a cikin gwaji: idan bakin gwaba ya nasara binciken ya aiwata, kuma idan ya gaza gwaji ya gaza.

Ba tare da bakin gwaba ba, gwaji ba zai iya tabbatar da kome ba — saboda haka ganewa su ke mahimmi ne a rubutu gwaji da ma'ana.

Ganewa **nau'ikan bakin gwaba da aka saba** — daidaitawa (magana kwakwalwa `toBe` da zurfin/kimar `toEqual` don abubuwa, wani mai mahimmanci bambanci), bincike na gaskiya da null, waje-baje, bincike na tarin da jerin sazo, bakin gwaba na gazawa (tabbatar da cewa aikin yana tubo), da ƙarewa — yana da mahimmanci ilimi a karfe don faɗi abin da gwaji kuwa yakamata ya tabbatar.

Ganewa **kyakkyawan jimorar bakin gwaba** — tabbatar da ainihin sakamakon da ake sa ran shi (haɗi a game da abin da ake bincika), amfani da daidaitaccen matcher (misali `toEqual` don waje-wajen abubuwa, ba `toBe` ba), tabbatar da sabuwar bayani na gazawa (saboda bakin gwaba da ya gaza ya faɗi abin da ba ya yi daidai), da daidaita bakin gwaba (gwammace halayen gida daya, amma tabbatar da sakamakon na gaske) — yana nuni wa rubuta gwaji mai haske da sakamako.

Ba domin bakin gwaba ne hanya da kowane gwaji ke amfani da ita don tabbatar da aiki (binciken ainihin mahimmi wanda ke mai gwaji ma'ana) kuma ganewa su — nau'ikan su, daidaitaccen matchers, da kyakkyawan jimorar — yana dace da rubuta gwaji da bakin gwaba da zai iya tabbatar da kome, ganewa bakin gwaba shine mahimmin ilimi da sani — ainihin gaban tsin gwaji, da dole ne don faɗi da tabbatar da abin da ake sa ran shi, kuma ainihin mahimmi don rubuta gwaji wanda ke tabbatar da gaskiya a ma'ana, ƙaramin iko da dole ne ga kowa wanda ke rubuta gwaji.