PHP yana mallaka makamashi na sadarwa na sadarwa - yake da mahimmanci (, , ), madauki (, , ) da santing (, ) - kuma kuma 'yan nau'i na musamman kamar ga jerin-jerin da migyar na zamani.
ifswitchmatchforforeachwhilebreakcontinueforeachmatch<?php
if ($score >= 90) {
$grade = "A";
} elseif ($score >= 80) {
$grade = "B";
} else {
$grade = "F";
}
// ternary and null coalescing
$status = $age >= 18 ? "adult" : "minor";
$name = $input ?? "default"; // ?? — use default if null/unset (PHP 7+)
$value ??= "x"; // ??= assign if null (PHP 7.4)
Maimakon null coalescing operator ?? yana amfani sosai a PHP don tabbatarwa (yana mayar da gefen dama idan hagu null ba'u ba) — mai tsafi fiye da isset() bincike.
switch ($day) {
case "Sat":
case "Sun":
$type = "weekend"; break; // ⚠️ break needed or it falls through
default:
$type = "weekday";
}
// match (PHP 8) — cleaner: returns a value, STRICT comparison, NO fall-through
$type = match($day) {
"Sat", "Sun" => "weekend", // multiple values, no break needed
default => "weekday",
};
match magana (PHP 8) shine sabawa na zamani akan switch: tana mayar da daraja, tana yin magana daidai (===), kuma babu waje-waje (babu break da ke bukazawa) — an fifidi a sabon code.
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { }
foreach ($items as $item) { } // iterate array values
foreach ($map as $key => $value) { } // keys + values — the PHP idiom for arrays
while ($condition) { }
do { } while ($condition);
foreach shine mafi yaci-yaci, mafi amfani da loop a PHP don damre-damre jerin-jerin (tare da sifar $key => $value don jerin-jerin masu danganta).
foreach ($items as $item) {
if ($item->skip) continue; // skip to next iteration
if ($item->stop) break; // exit the loop
}
Sadarwa sadarwa shine tushe waje don magana da hankali, da aka yi amfani a cikin kowane programa, don haka fahimtar makamashi na PHP shine ilimi na al'ada na yau-yau.
Gidaj duk saye, amma 'yan abubuwan PHP na musamman suna da mahimmanci: foreach shine yaci-yaci, babbar loop don kawar jerin-jerin masu yawa na PHP (tare da sifar $key => $value don taswira) ; null coalescing operator ?? (da ??=) yana amfani sosai don tsafta sadarwa tabbatarwa (PHP idiom na musamman) ; da zamani match magana (PHP 8) shine sabawa mahimmanci akan switch da ke gamsu - yana mayar da daraja, tana yin magana daidai, da kuma kawar waje-waje ba (magana-magana switch na gida-gida na tishe break).
Sanin wauzin makamashi, da fifida zamanin yatsa (match akan gaban switch, ?? don tabbatarwa), shine ilimi na al'ada na rubuta tsafar, mafi amfani, ba'u da ba'u PHP hankali, yana nuna taimako da duka tushe da na zamani na PHP haɓaka.
Ɗakin karatu na tambayoyin hira na IT tare da amsoshi cikakke — daga Junior zuwa Senior.
Ba da Gudummawa