A closure shine aiki mai izini (aiki mara suna, wanda ke ajiye a mai zafi). A callable shine komai da PHP za ta iya kiran shi azaman aiki — closures, aiki mai suna, hanyoyi, ko abubuwa masu kirga. Suna ba da damar shugabancin nau'in aiki, aikai, da aiki masu tsari..
= {
* ;
};
();
= * ;
();
A closure shine aiki mara suna da kake iya ajiye da watsar da shi. Arrow function (fn) shine tsari mai takaici wanda ke iska waje masu sauki.
$factor = 10;
// traditional closure — must explicitly import variables with `use`
$multiply = function (int $x) use ($factor): int {
return $x * $factor; // $factor captured by value
};
// arrow function — captures outer variables AUTOMATICALLY (no `use` needed)
$multiply = fn(int $x): int => $x * $factor;
Bambanin babbar gida: closures na gida suna buƙa sharadi mai bayani na use don iska variables na waje, har da arrow functions suna iska su kai tsaye — babbar jiya don gajere aikai.
// these are all callables, usable as callbacks:
'strlen' // a string naming a function
[$object, 'methodName'] // [object, method] array
['ClassName', 'staticMethod'] // [class, static method]
fn($x) => $x * 2 // a closure/arrow function
$invokableObject // an object with __invoke()
// used with higher-order functions:
array_map(fn($x) => $x * 2, [1, 2, 3]); // [2, 4, 6]
array_filter($users, fn($u) => $u->isActive()); // filter
usort($items, fn($a, $b) => $a->price <=> $b->price); // custom sort
callable shine nau'i na gida ga sigar da ke karba kowane callable — wajen ba da damar aiki masu tsari (aiki yana karba aiki), tushe na array_map/array_filter/usort da APIs wanda ke amfani da aikai.
Closures da callables sune mahimman fasalal PHP wanda ke ba da damar shugabancin nau'in aiki, aikai, da aiki masu tsari — alamu da ake amfani da su koyaushe a PHP na zamani.
Ganewa closures (aiki mara suna wanda ke ajiye a variables) da musamman arrow function (fn, wanda ke iska variables na waje kai tsaye, ba kamar closures na gida wanda yana buƙa bayyani na use) shine ilimi na yau da kullun, domin suna hanya ta zahiri don rubutu gajere aikai da ake watsar da su ga aiki na array (array_map/array_filter/array_reduce), iyakantawa na gida (usort), ma'aikatan aiki, da APIs wanda ke amfani da aikai.
Sanin abin da yake lissafi azaman callable (aiki mai suna, hanyoyi, hanyoyi na gida, closures, abubuwa masu kirga) da kuma yadda aiki masu tsari ke karba su shine mabugi ne a rubuce-rubucen PHP masu saukin tunani da rubutu ne da gida don amfani da yada fasaha da APIs na laburaren gida wanda ke karba aikai (ma'aikatan hanyoyi, hanyoyin tari, tsakani).
Closures da callables sune tushen ilimi ga PHP ta zamani wanda ke ba da damar bayyanewa — suna sa canji na bayani, iyakantawa, tsarawa, da alamu na aikai jiya da karye — saboda haka, kulawa da su, musamman hanyar arrow-function ta saukin tunani da bambancin capture-by-use-vs-auto, shine ilimi mai amfani, wanda ake amfani da shi koyaushe wajen kula da PHP na buƙi.