Menene bambancin tsakanin include da require?

Question

Accepted Answer

Dukansu `include` da `require` suna shigo (da aiwatarwa) adadin fayil na PHP zuwa na yanzu. **Bambancin kawai shine yadda suke ɗauke da kuskure**: `require` yana haifar da kuskuren daukar-rai idan fayil ba a sami ba, amma `include` ya aje nur da gargajiya kuma ya ci gaba.

## Bambancin mahaɗi: halayen kuskure

```php
<?php
include "config.php";    // if missing → WARNING, script CONTINUES
require "database.php";  // if missing → FATAL ERROR, script STOPS
```

```text
include → file missing → emits a Warning, execution continues (file's code skipped)
require → file missing → throws a Fatal Error, execution HALTS
```

Yi amfani da **`require`** don fayilai da aikace-aikacin **ba zai iya gudu ba tare da su** (korayen tsarki, dazkirtar mahimanci, tegenan basa-ajiya) — kina so ya daina a karfi idan ba a sami ba. Yi amfani da **`include`** don fayilai marasa mahimmanci (misali gabatarwar gida) inda babu fayil bai karanta shafin ba.

## Bambilolin _once (hana shigowa-biyu)

```php
require_once "functions.php";   // include the file ONLY if not already included
include_once "helper.php";
```

`require_once`/`include_once` suna shigo fayil ne kawai idan ba shi ya shigo ba - **mahimmanci** ne don guji "ba za a maimaita sanarwar aikin/ajiya ba" kuskure lokacin da aka sami fayil a wasu fayilai (misali, bayyanar ajiya da suka iso ta fayilai da yawa).

## Menene shigowa da gaske ya yi

```php
// included files share the SAME scope and can define functions, classes, variables
// config.php:
$dbHost = "localhost";
// main.php:
require "config.php";
echo $dbHost;   // "localhost" — the variable is available
```

## PHP na zamani: autoloading yana butsewa da handun-require

```php
// ❌ old style — manually requiring every class file
require_once "User.php";
require_once "Order.php";

// ✅ modern — Composer AUTOLOADING loads classes on demand automatically
require "vendor/autoload.php";   // one line; classes load when used (PSR-4)
$user = new User();               // User.php loaded automatically
```

A cikin PHP na zamani, ba ka saba yi amfani da handun-require na ajiyoyi - **Composer's autoloader** yana shigo da su matakin bukatarsu. Har yanzu kana yi amfani da `require "vendor/autoload.php"` sau daya don bugawa.

## Menene mahimmancin

Sanin `include` da `require` shine ilimi na gida amma mahimmanci na PHP - sune yadda fayilai na PHP ke raba lamari, kuma bambanci yana bugatarwa don madaidaicia.

Almarar mahimma shine halayen kuskure: **`require` don fayilai mahimmanci** (saboda aikace-aikacin zai gazawa da gaskiya idan ba a sami file mahimmanci ba) da **`include` don marasa mahimmanci** (saboda babu fayil marasa mahimmanci ba zai karanta shafin ba).

Sanin **bambilolin `_once`** ya zama mahimmaci da yawa don guji sabuvun jiya "ba za a maimaita sanarwar aikin/ajiya ba" daga zuwan ajiya ko bayyanar aikin sau biyu.

Daidai mahimmanci shine sanin halin zamani: amma duk da cewa waɗannan gidaje sune tushe, **PHP na zamani ya dogara kan Composer autoloading** (shigowa da ajiyoyi matakin bukatarsu) maimakon handun-require kowane fayil, saboda haka a cikin lamari na yanzu kana yi amfani da `require "vendor/autoload.php"` sau daya kuma bari autoloading ya ɗauki sauran.

Sanin dukansu mechanics na include/require (da lokacin kowane mode na kuskure ke da daidai) da yadda autoloading na zamani ke butsewa da handun-require shine ilimi na yau-yau don aiki tare da PHP codebases tsohon da sabuwa.