PHP na zamani yana goyan bayan type declarations akan function parameters, return values, da class properties — da declare(strict_types=1) don tilasta su daidai. Tare da juna suna kawo da yawa daga tsaro na static-typed languages zuwa PHP, suna kama bugs da zaman.
{
= ;
? = ;
{
->balance += ;
}
{
->balance;
}
}
Ka iya buga parameters, return values, da class properties. Types sun haɗa da scalars (int, float, string, bool), classes/interfaces, array, ?Type (nullable), da void.
function process(int|string $id): User|null { } // union type — int OR string
function handle(Countable&Iterator $x): void { } // intersection (PHP 8.1) — BOTH
function get(): static { } // return the called class's type
function nothing(): never { } // never returns (throws/exits, PHP 8.1)
PHP 8 ya ƙara union types (int|string), intersection types, da special return types (static, never).
<?php
declare(strict_types=1); // MUST be the first statement in the file
function add(int $a, int $b): int { return $a + $b; }
add(5, 3); // ✅ 8
add("5", 3); // ❌ TypeError — strict_types REJECTS the string (no coercion)
WITHOUT strict_types (default "coercive" mode):
add("5", 3) → "5" is silently coerced to int 5 → returns 8 (lenient, can hide bugs)
WITH strict_types=1:
add("5", 3) → TypeError immediately (must pass the exact declared type)
declare(strict_types=1) yana juyar daga lenient coercion zuwa strict enforcement — PHP yana watsi da type mismatches maimakon zaman tausiyawa. Wannan yana kama bugs da coercion zai ɓoye.
Type declarations da strict types muhimmanci ne don rubuta robust, maintainable PHP na zamani, kuma suna wakiltar babbar canji na harshe fiye da loosely-typed asali.
Type declarations akan parameters, returns, da properties suna buga code self-documenting (signatures suna bayyanantar abubuwan da aka nema) kuma suna ba PHP damar kama type errors ta atomatik, yayin da modern additions (union types, nullable types) suna buga signatures madaidaita.
Muhimmin aiki shine declare(strict_types=1): yana juyar PHP daga lenient coercion (inda "5" a hankali ya zama 5, zai iya ɓoye bugs) zuwa strict enforcement (watsi da iska mismatches tare da bayyane TypeError) — mahimmin kayan aiki don kama bugs da zaman da rubuta reliable code, da kuma gida na zamani.
Sanin type declarations da amfani da strict types shine professional, almajiri ilimi don PHP development na zamani — yana kawo da yawa daga tsaro na static-typed languages zuwa PHP, yana buga code mai ƙarfi da sauƙi don lissafi.
Tun da PHP frameworks na zamani da codebases da aka rubuta daidai suna amfani da typing sosai (da strict types a duka), sanin haka shine mahimmanci don rubuta da aiki da quality contemporary PHP, yana bambanta type-safe modern code daga error-prone loosely-typed style na tsohuwar PHP.