Me ya FastAPI cikin sauri, kuma me yakamata ka dawo da shi ta hanya?

Question

Accepted Answer

FastAPI yana cikin tsofaffin ƙarƙashiya Python saboda an gina shi akan **Starlette** (ƙarƙashin ASGI mai karfi) kuma yana **async-native**, yana sarrafa akwai damar ba da buɗi cikin gida saura. Amma a ci gida sannan, asynchronous sannan — mafi yawan kusan hazo shine dakatar da halayen.

## Me yasa zai cikin sauri

```text
✓ ASGI + Starlette — a modern async foundation (vs older WSGI sync frameworks)
✓ Async-native — one process handles thousands of concurrent I/O-bound requests
  by overlapping wait times, instead of one-at-a-time
✓ Pydantic v2 — validation/serialization core is now in Rust (very fast)
✓ Minimal overhead per request
```

Asynchronous shi ne muhimmin: wajen aikace-aikace gida daya yana jira ajiye jiya ko kira API, wajen aikace-aikace sauran — ba da babbar ma'ana don gida saura.

## #1 hanya a ci gida: kar ka dakatar da halayen

```python
# ❌ blocking call inside async def → freezes the event loop, serializing ALL requests
@app.get("/bad")
async def bad():
    return requests.get(url).json()       # SYNC/blocking → kills concurrency

# ✅ use an async client and await it
@app.get("/good")
async def good():
    async with httpx.AsyncClient() as c:
        return (await c.get(url)).json()  # non-blocking

# ✅ OR use a plain def — FastAPI runs it in a thread pool (safe for blocking code)
@app.get("/also-good")
def also_good():
    return requests.get(url).json()
```

Nan ne kawai mahimmancin malaksa — dakatar dake gida `async def` yana dakatar da duka halayen, tilasti ai a gudu gida daya tsaki. Yi amfani da asynchronous na gida tare da `await`, ko saukar `def` (a gudu a cikin thread pool).

## Ci gida — jerin baje

```text
✓ Use async DB drivers / async libraries (httpx, asyncpg) in async endpoints
✓ Run blocking code in plain def (thread pool) or via run_in_executor
✓ Avoid heavy CPU work on the event loop → offload to workers/processes
✓ Add caching (Redis) for expensive repeated work
✓ Optimize the database (fix N+1, add indexes) — often the real bottleneck
✓ Run multiple worker processes (uvicorn/gunicorn workers) to use all CPU cores
✓ Use connection pooling; paginate large results
✓ MEASURE first (profiling, load testing) — fix the actual bottleneck
```

## Me yasa muhimmi

Sauri na FastAPI shine babbar dalilin da komai daga sauran gida shi, amma gina ga gida yanzu ya gamsu da **yin aiki a daidai** — kuma mafi mahimmanci, rashin amfani shi ne **kar ka dakatar da halayen**.

Sanin *me yasa* FastAPI ya saurin (asynchronous ASGI tushe, haɗin kai I/O na alheri, gyara Pydantic v2 core) ya nuna cewa sauri na sa akwai yin aiki ga gida.

Sanin kamar yadda **ci gida** shine muhimmancin aiki: jiyya a dakatar dake gida `async def` (waɗansu ai gudu gida bayi haɗaɗɗi), yin amfani da asynchronous na gida a gida saura (ko saukar `def` ga hazo), kawar daga aiki, kula, tsaya ajiye jiya (sau da yawa gida), kuma gudu daya gida ga daya cores.

Nan ne duka — cikakken asynchronous ta daidai kuma auna samun gida — shine abin da zai iya buɗe hannu daga FastAPI na sauri, ya sa shi makala senior-level don gina ainihin sauri, bayarwa gida da ba hazo gida yadda ake gani.