Nawa kake bayyana abubuwan hanya (path operations)?

Question

Accepted Answer

A cikin FastAPI, **path operation** hanya ce — aiki da aka karkaci tare da HTTP ma'auni decorator (`@app.get`, `@app.post`, jne.) wacce ke sarrafa bukatun zuwa hanya. Kimar kimantawa na aiki tana sarrafa atomatik zuwa JSON.

## Bayyana abubuwan hanya don kowane ma'auni HTTP

```python
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/items")                # GET /items
def list_items():
    return [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]  # dict/list → automatically JSON-serialized

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")      # GET /items/5 — path parameter
def get_item(item_id: int):        # type hint converts "5" → int (and validates)
    return {"id": item_id}

@app.post("/items")               # POST /items
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")      # PUT, PATCH, DELETE work the same way
@app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
def delete_item(item_id: int):
    return {"deleted": item_id}
```

Kwafi ma'auni karkaci ka taratsa HTTP ma'auni + hanya zuwa mai sarrafa. Sunan aiki ninka ne; karkat ya bayyana hanya. Dicts/listi/Pydantic kamari da aka dawo suna sarrafa zuwa JSON atomatik — babu manual `json.dumps`.

## Odar ya tattara don abubuwan hanya marasa daidai

```python
@app.get("/users/me")            # ✅ specific route FIRST
def read_me(): ...
@app.get("/users/{user_id}")     # dynamic AFTER — else "me" matches {user_id}
def read_user(user_id: int): ...
```

FastAPI yayi ma'auni abubuwan hanya a cikin odar saita, saboda haka saka abubuwan hanya tsadu kafin wadanda suka kulawa.

## Metadata na aiki (sannar docs)

```python
@app.get("/items", tags=["items"], summary="List items", status_code=200)
def list_items(): ...
```

Paametara decorator (`tags`, `summary`, `status_code`, `response_model`) suke daidaita halaye kuma suke wajetar sakin karin gida na atomatik.

## Me ya sa hakan muhimmi

Path operations shine tushe na kowane aikace-aikacen FastAPI — suna bayyana abubuwan dushe na API ninka da nawa bukatun aka sarrafa.

Ganin ma'auni-in-ma'auni HTTP karkat, cewa kimar kimantawa tana sarrafa atomatik zuwa JSON (babu boilerplate), cewa ma'auni nevi a kan abubuwan suna ba da umarni jiya kuma buhe daidai, kuma cewa odar abubuwan hanya ta tattara don abubuwan hanya marasa daidai ita ce ilimin abudallada mahimmanci gida don gina duk waje.

Metadata karkat shima tana ciyar da sakin karin gida na atomatik na FastAPI, tare da haɗa abubuwan hanya zuwa direct zuwa docs.

Wanan ita ce abin farko kuma mafi tsara a koyar da su a cikin FastAPI.