Yaya kuke sarrafa kurakurai da inganta ƙarƙashin HTTPException?

Question

Accepted Answer

FastAPI yana sarrafa kurakurai ta hanyar **tashin ƙarƙashin** da take canza su zuwa amsoshin HTTP da suke dace. `HTTPException` tana rufe yawancin lokuta; masu sarrafa ƙarƙashin keɓanta suna ba ka iko na sarrafa tsari na kurakurai a gida.

## Tashin HTTPException

```python
from fastapi import HTTPException

@app.get("/items/{id}")
def get_item(id: int):
    item = db.get(id)
    if not item:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")   # → 404 JSON response
    if not item.is_public:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Forbidden")
    return item
```

`raise HTTPException(status_code=..., detail=...)` shine hanyar keɓauta na dawowa da kurakurai — FastAPI tana samar da JSON amsoshi `{"detail": "..."}` tare da status da aka bai. `detail` na iya zama abin da FastAPI zai iya canzawa zuwa JSON (jiya, dict, list).

## Kurakurai na tabbatarwa su shiga gida (422)

```text
When request data fails Pydantic validation, FastAPI AUTOMATICALLY returns a 422
with a structured list of exactly which fields are wrong — you write nothing.
```

## Masu sarrafa ƙarƙashin keɓanta (tsari mai kuɗi)

```python
from fastapi import Request
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse

class ItemNotFound(Exception):
    def __init__(self, item_id: int): self.item_id = item_id

@app.exception_handler(ItemNotFound)         # handle a custom exception type globally
def handle_not_found(request: Request, exc: ItemNotFound):
    return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"error": f"Item {exc.item_id} not found"})

@app.get("/items/{id}")
def get(id: int):
    raise ItemNotFound(id)        # raise your domain exception; the handler formats it
```

Masu sarrafa ƙarƙashin keɓanta suna ba ka damar haɗa kurakurarka sarari (yanki) zuwa amsoshin, ita ce hanya ta cikakke na sarrafa kurakurai da kiyaye tsarinta na amsoshi.

## Ciza yadda aka saita ta asali

```python
from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError

@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)   # customize the 422 validation-error format
def validation_handler(request, exc):
    return JSONResponse(status_code=422, content={"errors": exc.errors()})
```

## Me ya sa haka ya matutu

Sarrafa kurakurai da dace shine muhimmi sosai don gina APIs masu abin dogara, kuma hanyar FastAPI ta ta yi hoto da daidai.

`HTTPException` na keɓauta yana sanar da sauƙi wajen dawowa da amsoshin kurakurai da dace tare da status codes da sakunan da suke dace — muhimmu ga kowane adireshin da zai iya gaji (ba a sami, m haramta, state mara kyau).

Kuma gaske ne shine cewa **kurakurai na tabbatarwa ana sarrafa su gida** (gazawar Pydantic suna samar da amsoshin 422 da aka canzawa ba tare da code daga gida ba), da kuma **masu sarrafa ƙarƙashin keɓanta** suna ba ka damar haɗa kurakurarka sarari zuwa amsoshin da tilasta tsari mai daidai na kurakurai a cikin API gaida — inganta duka kiyayewa (cikakken sarrafa kurakurai) da halin masu karɓa (tsarin kurakurai mai tabbata).
".match() `HTTPException`, kurakurai na tabbatarwa da keɓanta, da masu sarrafa ƙarƙashin keɓanta suna rufe maƙwabtar haɓakawa na sarrafa kurakurai, yana sa muhimmiyar ilimi don gina APIs masu karfi.