Yaya kake saita lambar yajiya da suluzummai?

Question

Accepted Answer

FastAPI yana dawo da `200 OK` ta tsammani, amma kana jadawa da **lambar yajiya** (ta hanyar kunna-kunna ko abin amsa) da **suluzummai** lokacin da kana bukatar halayen daban-daban — mahimmanci ne don tsarin REST da yake daidai.

## Saita lambar yajiya ta tsammani a kan titin

```python
from fastapi import status

@app.post("/items", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)   # 201 for resource creation
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item                                             # returns with 201

@app.delete("/items/{id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)  # 204
def delete_item(id: int):
    ...
```

Parameter `status_code` kunna-kunna yana saita lambar nasara ta tsammani. Amfani da abubuwa ta `status` (misali `status.HTTP_201_CREATED`) ya fi kyau fiye da lambobi. Lambobi na daidai suna da mahimmanci: `201` don wanda aka samarwa, `204` don babu ababa, da sauransu.

## Lambobin yajiya da suluzummai masu sauyo ta hanyar abin amsa

```python
from fastapi import Response

@app.get("/items/{id}")
def get_item(id: int, response: Response):
    item = db.get(id)
    if not item:
        response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND   # set dynamically
        return {"error": "not found"}
    response.headers["X-Custom"] = "value"                  # set a custom header
    return item
```

Shiga parameter `Response` yana ba ka damar saita lambar yajiya da suluzummai **a fili** lokacin aiki.

## Kuskure: tashi HTTPException

```python
from fastapi import HTTPException

@app.get("/items/{id}")
def get_item(id: int):
    item = db.get(id)
    if not item:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found",
                            headers={"X-Error": "NotFound"})   # status + detail + headers
    return item
```

Don amsa kuskure, `raise HTTPException(...)` hanya ce ta gida — tana saita lambar, sakin JSON `detail`, da suluzummai na zaɓi.

## Dawo da abin amsa na zaman gida kai tsaye

```python
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
return JSONResponse(content={...}, status_code=202, headers={"X-Custom": "v"})
```

## Me yake gida

Lambobin yajiya da suluzummai da yake daidai suna da mahimmanci don gina API na REST wanda yake daidai da aiki — abubuwan customer da kayan aiki suna dogara kan tsarin HTTP na gida (201 don wanda aka samarwa, 404 ba a sani ba, 204 babu ababa, da sauransu), saboda haka dawo da lambar da yake daidai shine wani sashi ne na alkawari na API na inganci.

FastAPI yana ba ka kariya ta kirki: `status_code` ta tsammani a kan titin don hali na gida, abin amsa na `Response` na shiga don lambobin sauyo/suluzummai, da `HTTPException` a matsayin hanya ta gida don nuna kuskure tare da lambar da yake daidai da bayanin JSON.

Tunani game da waɗannan tsaruruwa — da amfani da abubuwa ta `status` don bayani — shine ilimi na yau-yau don gina API waɗanda suke aiki da daidai da suke fada a sarari tare da masu karbi nasu.