Yaya zaka jefa aikiken FastAPI zuwa production?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

FastAPI shine aikiken **ASGI**, saboda haka jefawar production tana amfani da saurin ASGI — yawanci **Uvicorn** (gama gari ana sarrafa shi ta **Gunicorn** don yawancin ayyuka), a bayan proxy mai jujjuya kamar nginx. Adadin jihadarsa (Docker) shine hanya ta zamani da aka saba.

## Tsarin saurin production

```bash
# ❌ the dev server (with --reload) is NOT for production
uvicorn main:app --reload

# ✅ production: Gunicorn managing multiple Uvicorn workers (uses all CPU cores)
gunicorn main:app -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:8000
# -w 4 → 4 worker processes (rule of thumb: ~2 × CPU cores)
```

```text
Client → NGINX (reverse proxy: TLS, static files, load balancing)
           → GUNICORN (process manager) → UVICORN workers (run the ASGI app)
Multiple workers let FastAPI use multiple CPU cores (each worker = one process).
```

## Sanya aikiken jihadarsa (da aka saba)

```dockerfile
FROM python:3.12-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["gunicorn", "main:app", "-w", "4", "-k", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000"]
```

Ajiyewar jihadarsa tana sakowa aikiken da alamomin da take dogara aiki don haɗi-haɗi jefawa a cikin wurare daban-daban (sannan kuma aiki akan Kubernetes, ECS, ko wani dillali kamar Railway/Render/Fly).

## Checklisin production

```text
1. Config & secrets via environment variables (not in code); validate at startup
2. Multiple workers (Gunicorn + Uvicorn workers) for CPU utilization
3. HTTPS/TLS (at nginx or the platform/load balancer)
4. A real database (PostgreSQL) + connection pooling; run migrations (Alembic)
5. CORS configured to an allowlist (not "*") for browser clients
6. Logging + error monitoring (Sentry) + health-check endpoint
7. A separate worker service (Celery/ARQ) + broker (Redis) for background jobs
8. Horizontal scaling: multiple instances behind a load balancer — keep app STATELESS
   (sessions/state in Redis, not process memory)
```

## Async da rashin adabi

```text
✓ Each worker runs its own event loop → workers give parallelism, async gives concurrency
✓ Keep the app STATELESS so you can run many instances behind a load balancer
```

## Me ya sa ake alqunta

Jefawar FastAPI daidai ita ce mahimmi don kawo da aikaki zuwa production, kuma ita take haɗa da mahimman tunani da ta takaita ga yayinda **ASGI** ke aiki waɗinda suke banbanta daga saituwar deveolment.

Sanin jujjuyar saurin production ita ce tushe: saaurin deveolment (`uvicorn --reload`) ba sau production ba ne, saboda haka kana aike da aikiken ta hanyar wani saurin ASGI — **Uvicorn ayyuka da Gunicorn ke sarrafa** don yawancin ayyuka (amfani da kowane CPU cores, tunda kowane aiki na aiki da nensa sarari event loop), gama gari a bayan nginx don TLS da daidaita lodi. **Adadin jihadarsa (Docker)** shine hanya ta zamani da aka saba don jefawa masu kwatantawa da daɗi.
\'Waje daga saituwar server, checklisin production ya ɗauki bakin ƴarzo da sa'a: saita da sirri ta hanyar sigarai nass (ba a cikin lambar ba), HTTPS, yau da kullun bakin barika tare da jiyya da kuɗaɗɗe, aiki-aiki CORS mai daidai, rubuta da kula, ayyukan aiki daban-daban don ayyukan bayan waje, kuma — don karɓe — jirga **yawancin bakunoni mara-adabi** a bayan mai daidaita lodi (ajiye yaji a cikin Redis, ba a cikin alajirar aiki ba).

Sanin yadda ake jefa FastAPI tare da jujjuyar saurin ASGI daidai, adadin jihadarsa, yawancin ayyuka, da tsarin production sanye mahimmi ne ga sanin babbar mataki, tun gida kowane aikaking FastAPI dole a jefanta daidai don zama mai aiki, tsaro, kuma sa'a — wanda zai sa wannan batu na ɗan-ɗan gida, batu na muhimman ilimi don jefawa APIs na production.

Tsarin saurin production

Sanya aikiken jihadarsa (da aka saba)

Checklisin production

Async da rashin adabi

Me ya sa ake alqunta

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