FastAPI tana kullawawa da bayanan fom na HTML (Form) da kira-kirawar fayil (File/UploadFile) — waɗanda suke bambanta da jikinodin JSON, tun da suke amfani da wasu nau'in abubuwan gida (). An bayyana dukansu da nau'ikan sigar parameta na musamman.
multipart/form-datafrom fastapi import Form
@app.post("/login")
def login(username: str = Form(), password: str = Form()): # form fields, not JSON
# data comes as application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data
return {"username": username}
Yi amfani da Form() don karba filayen fom na HTML (misali, fom na shiga). Lura: hanya zata iya amfani da jikinodin JSON ko bayanan fom, ba dukansu ba, tun da suke nau'ikan abubuwan gida daban. (Yana buƙatar python-multipart a shiryawa.)
from fastapi import File, UploadFile
@app.post("/upload")
async def upload(file: UploadFile): # a single file
contents = await file.read() # read the file's bytes
file.filename # original name
file.content_type # MIME type
# save it:
with open(f"uploads/{file.filename}", "wb") as f:
f.write(contents)
return {"filename": file.filename, "size": len(contents)}
UploadFile shine nau'i mai tuni — jiya ce mai spool (manyan fayil suna zuwa diski, ba jiya da jiya ba), tare da hanyoyin aiki na asynchronous (read, write, seek) da metadata. Yi amfani da ita a madaidaici ga bytes mavaki don dukan ƙaramar fayil.
@app.post("/upload-many")
async def upload_many(files: list[UploadFile]): # multiple files
return [f.filename for f in files]
@app.post("/profile")
async def profile(name: str = Form(), avatar: UploadFile = File()):
# combine form fields AND a file upload in one multipart request
...
if file.content_type not in ["image/jpeg", "image/png"]: # check type
raise HTTPException(400, "Invalid file type")
# also: limit file SIZE, sanitize filenames, scan content — uploads are untrusted input
Kullawawa da bayanan fom da kira-kirawar fayil shine buƙacin gida na yau-yau da aiki — fomukan shiga, kira-kirawar hoton profile, kasuwar takaiti, da API na sarrafa fayil duk suna buƙaci, kuma yana aiki daban da jikinodin JSON da FastAPI ke amfani da shi ta tushè.
Nieman Form() don filayen fom da musamman UploadFile don kira-kira (hanyar da aka tunka, tun da yana spool manyan fayil zuwa diski maimakon uta duka cikin alaƙa — mahimmi ne don sarrafa manyan fayil ba tare da kashe RAM ba) shine dole ne ga waɗannan fasaloji.
A daidai mahimmi ne aljihar kariya da ke zuwa tare da kira-kira: tun da fayilai da aka ɗora ba su da tabbatarwa, inganta nau'insu da girman jiya, tsaftace sunan fayil, da kula da yadda kuke ƙididdige su/gabatar da su mahimmi ne don guje wa keta.
Sanin yadda za a karba filayen fom, rika bakin hanya da marayan fayil daya da maraya, hada fom tare da fayil, da kula da maraya kwatamce shine ilimin aiki na ainihi ga gine API na ainihi da ke karba abun da aka taɓa.