Kailan ya zama kyau a yi amfani da getters da setters (da kailan kada)?

Question

Accepted Answer

Getters/setters sun bugi dacewa kai tsaye zuwa filayen, amma al'adar gida na yin ɗaya *don kowane fili* shine mummunan altern. Ainihin tambayar ita ce: shin abin samun kofa yana ƙara mahimmanci, ko kawai yana sake bugi mai jiya fili tare da matakai na gida?

## Lokacin da setter ya cancanta

```java
public class Thermostat {
    private int target;
    public void setTarget(int t) {     // setter adds VALIDATION
        if (t < 5 || t > 30)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("out of range");
        this.target = t;
    }
    public int getTarget() { return target; }
}
```

A gida setter din ya sake shigar da hankali — hakan ya dace.

## Lokacin da suke jiya isassuke

```java
// Anti-pattern: "encapsulation theatre"
public class Point {
    private int x, y;
    public int getX() { return x; }    public void setX(int x){ this.x=x; }
    public int getY() { return y; }    public void setY(int y){ this.y=y; }
}
// This is no safer than public fields — and now x,y can change anytime.
```

## Kwari na ji koli: gida, kada ka tambayi

Sai dai watau bugi halin abubuwan don basu samu samun kasusuwa, bugi *hali*:

```java
account.withdraw(100);          // ✅ behavior protects the rule
// vs
account.setBalance(account.getBalance() - 100);  // ❌ logic leaks to caller
```

## Me take iya dace

Setter akan kowane fili ba shi da zurfi fiye da sanya fili mai jiya — yana bami wani bugi karelin sanya wuri tare da bawu duk da haka yin magudanar da halin jiya ba tare da tunani ba.

Zama daidai da hali ("gida, kada ka tambayi") yana kiyaye ƙa'idodi a cikin abin da take bugi, yana rage abubuwan daidai, kuma sau da yawa yana baje albishir cewa da yawa filayen ya kamata su kasance ba za su iya canzawa ba tare da setter ba.