Menene na daidaita shiga (public, private, protected)?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Na daidaita shiga** suna sarrafa nuni na membobin ajin, suna aiwatar da rufewar ta hanyar rikita wanda zai iya karantawa ko kiran su.

## Matakan gida gida

| Daidaita | Misallin shiga daga |
|---|---|
| `public` | A duk a gaida |
| `protected` | Ajin **da kuma ƙananan ajinsu** |
| `private` | **Kawai** a gida ajin da aka bayyana |

## A aikace

```java
public class Employee {
    private double salary;          // internal — only Employee touches it
    protected String department;    // subclasses may use it
    public String name;             // open to all

public double getSalary() {     // controlled, public read access
        return salary;
    }
}
```

`salary` shine sirri don haka bakin ciki ba zai iya na lalata; jama'a getter shi ne daya takarda.

## Bambance-bambance na yare

```python
class Demo:
    def __init__(self):
        self.public = 1
        self._protected = 2     # convention only ("don't touch")
        self.__private = 3      # name-mangled to _Demo__private
```

Python ba shi da tilastawa sirri — ya dogara a cikin gidaje suna. Java/C# suna aiwatar daidaita a lokacin compilation. Java kuma yana da *package-private* (abin rikici, ba buƙatun kalma).

## Tsoro

Yin kome `public` suna kashe rufewar. Suki zuwa mafita **mafi aƙar yawa** kuma bugi kawai lokacin ainihin bukatu.

## Me ya sa yake mahalaci

Na daidaita shiga ne kayan aikin lanƙwasa wanda ya zama rufewar daga shaɓa zuwa sarrafa wanda compiler ke bincika.

ƙaramin jama'a saman suna nufin kadan code iya kwatanta akan tunani, don haka kila sake sassauta jiya ba tare da karni masu kira.

`public`	A duk a gaida
`protected`	Ajin da kuma ƙananan ajinsu
`private`	Kawai a gida ajin da aka bayyana