Aikin hudu shine Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, da Polymorphism. Tare, suna bayyana yadda OOP ke tsara da sake amfani da code.
| Aikin | Babbar ra'ayi |
|---|
| Encapsulation | Taara bayani + hala; ɓoye ciki status a bayan seiri interface |
| Abstraction | Bayyana me ne abin a ke yi, ɓoye yaya a ke yin shi |
| Inheritance | Subclass ke sake amfani da shi sannan kuma ya fadada jirgi |
| Polymorphism | Hanya ɗaya, ayyuka da yawa da aka zaɓa a lokacin jinkiri |
abstract class Shape { // ABSTRACTION: "what", not "how"
abstract double area(); // each shape decides its own formula
}
class Circle extends Shape { // INHERITANCE: Circle is a Shape
private double r; // ENCAPSULATION: r is private
Circle(double r) { this.r = r; }
double area() { return Math.PI * r * r; } // POLYMORPHISM: own area()
}
class Square extends Shape {
private double s;
Square(double s) { this.s = s; }
double area() { return s * s; }
}
Shape shape = new Circle(2); // POLYMORPHISM in action:
System.out.println(shape.area()); // calls Circle.area() at runtime
Waɗannan ne kayan aiki, ba buqatu ba. Tilastawa inheritance ko abstraction inda ba a bukatar ba yana haifar da rikitarwa. Nemi aikin da yake dacewa da matsala.
Waɗannan kalmomin guda hudu shine kamus gida na zane-zanen OOP — manyan ajiya da sake duba code suna zartar da ka sani su.
Kowa aikin ya taɓa fa'idar gari: encapsulation yana kariya invariants, abstraction ta rage abin da kake fahimta, inheritance da polymorphism suna ba damar sake amfani da shi da fadada shi.
Ɗakin karatu na tambayoyin hira na IT tare da amsoshi cikakke — daga Junior zuwa Senior.
Ba da Gudummawa