项目生命周期 是指项目从开始到结束所经历的各个阶段的集合。不同的术语可能有所不同,但经典的五阶段模型提供了清晰的心理地图,告诉你项目进展到哪一步以及接下来应该做什么。
五个阶段
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1. INITIATION → why are we doing this? Define goal, scope, who's involved.
Output: a charter / agreed objective.
2. PLANNING → how will we do it? Tasks, schedule, resources, risks, budget.
Output: a plan everyone agrees on.
3. EXECUTION → do the work. Build, coordinate, communicate.
4. MONITORING → track progress vs. plan; manage changes and risks.
(runs in parallel with execution)
5. CLOSURE → deliver, get sign-off, review what went well/badly, wrap up.
一个具体例子
迁移到新的电子邮件提供商: 确定目标和预算; 列出任务和时间表; 完成迁移; 发现 DNS 变更缓慢并进行调整; 确认一切正常,编写文档,并进行回顾。
