反模式是那些看起来像敏捷但违背其目的的做法 — 通常被称为"货物邪教"或"假"敏捷,即团队采纳了仪式但没有采纳价值观。识别它们是修复停滞转型的第一步。
常见反模式
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WATER-SCRUM-FALL sprints wrapped around a fixed, sequential plan
ZOMBIE SCRUM all the ceremonies, no working Increment or energy
VELOCITY AS TARGET pressure to raise points → estimate inflation
SCRUM MASTER = PM assigning tasks, status-reporting up
COMMITMENT THEATER "estimates" treated as binding deadlines
NO RETRO ACTIONS retros happen but nothing ever changes
具体例子
一个团队进行日常站会、Sprints 和回顾,但在整个季度内没有交付任何可用的东西,因为"完成"实际上意味着"代码已写,未经测试"。仪式是真实的;敏捷不是。
如何应对
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DO DON'T
focus on outcomes/value measure ritual compliance
strengthen Definition of Done let "Done" stay vague
make retros produce change run retros for show
